this post was submitted on 24 May 2026
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The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1533 CE. The Inca Empire eventually extended across western South America from Quito in the north to Santiago in the south. It was the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time.

Undaunted by the often harsh Andean environment, the Incas conquered people and exploited landscapes in such diverse settings as plains, mountains, deserts, and tropical jungle. Famed for their unique art and architecture, they constructed finely-built and imposing buildings wherever they conquered, and their spectacular adaptation of natural landscapes with terracing, highways, and mountaintop settlements continues to impress modern visitors at such world-famous sites as Machu Picchu.

History

As with other ancient Americas cultures, the historical origins of the Incas are difficult to disentangle from the founding myths they themselves created. According to legend, in the beginning, the creator god Viracocha came out of the Pacific Ocean, and when he arrived at Lake Titicaca, he created the sun and all ethnic groups. These first people were buried by the god and only later did they emerge from springs and rocks (sacred pacarinas) back into the world. The Incas, specifically, were brought into existence at Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) from the sun god Inti; hence, they regarded themselves as the chosen few, the 'Children of the Sun', and the Inca ruler was Inti's representative and embodiment on earth. In another version of the creation myth, the first Incas came from a sacred cave known as Tampu T'oqo or 'The House of Windows', which was located at Pacariqtambo, the 'Inn of Dawn', south of Cuzco. The first pair of humans were Manco Capac (or Manqo Qhapaq) and his sister (also his wife) Mama Oqllu (or Ocllo). Three more brother-sister siblings were born, and the group set off together to found their civilization. Defeating the Chanca people with the help of stone warriors (pururaucas), the first Incas finally settled in the Valley of Cuzco and Manco Capac, throwing a golden rod into the ground, established what would become the Inca capital, Cuzco.

The rise of the Inca Empire was spectacularly quick. First, all speakers of the Inca language Quechua (or Runasimi) were given privileged status, and this noble class then dominated all the important roles within the empire. Thupa Inca Yupanqui (also known as Topa Inca Yupanqui), Pachacuti's successor from 1471 CE, is credited with having expanded the empire by a massive 4,000 km (2,500 miles). The Incas themselves called their empire Tawantinsuyo (or Tahuantinsuyu) meaning 'Land of the Four Quarters' or 'The Four Parts Together'. Cuzco was considered the navel of the world, and radiating out were highways and sacred sighting lines (ceques) to each quarter: Chinchaysuyu (north), Antisuyu (east), Collasuyu (south), and removedisuyu (west). Spreading across ancient Ecuador, Peru, northern Chile, Bolivia, upland Argentina, and southern Colombia and stretching 5,500 km (3,400 miles) north to south, 40,000 Incas governed a huge territory with some 10 million subjects speaking over 30 different languages.

The Inca Empire was founded on, and maintained by, force, and the ruling Incas were very often unpopular with their subjects (especially in the northern territories), a situation that the Spanish conquerors (conquistadores), led by Francisco Pizarro, would take full advantage of in the middle decades of the 16th century CE. The Inca Empire, in fact, had still not reached a stage of consolidated maturity when it faced its greatest challenge. Rebellions were rife, and the Incas were engaged in a war in Ecuador where a second Inca capital had been established at Quito. Even more serious, the Incas were hit by an epidemic of European diseases, such as smallpox, which had spread from central America even faster than the European invaders themselves, and the wave killed a staggering 65-90% of the population. Such a disease killed Wayna Qhapaq in 1528 CE, and two of his sons, Waskar and Atahualpa, battled in a damaging civil war for control of the empire just when the European treasure-hunters arrived. It was this combination of factors - a perfect storm of rebellion, disease, and invasion - which brought the downfall of the mighty Inca Empire, the largest and richest ever seen in the Americas.

The Inca language Quechua lives on today and is still spoken by some eight million people. There are also a good number of buildings, artefacts, and written accounts which have survived the ravages of conquerors, looters, and time. These remains are proportionally few to the vast riches which have been lost, but they remain indisputable witnesses to the wealth, ingenuity, and high cultural achievements of this great but short-lived civilization.

https://www.worldhistory.org/Inca_Civilization/

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Link to the 🐼 Hexbear Matrix Chat https://matrix.to/#/#Hexbear:matrix.org wiphala

[–] lelkins@lemmygrad.ml 1 points 31 minutes ago* (last edited 27 minutes ago)

why the fuck does nexusmods require account just to download shit i want to make my stardew valley or skyrim or morrowind playthrough nicer

also goblinmancer good news i started playing morrowind and made my khajit dagger user with starter healing spell and other stupid shit. his name is john orange and he saved 3 slaves. would play more if i have time

why khajit? has the best stanima. also funny

Delighted to announce that 1% of communism has been built. A friend of mine has built a really cool cargo bike, just because he does that sort of thing. He lives in an apartment complex kinda far outside town though, and doesn't have space to park it anywhere sensible. I, however, have a permanently empty parking spot more or less in the middle of the city (which I'm renting just to have one less fuckass car shitting up the view and vibe of our wonderful yard lol lmao). So, he pitched the idea to keep the bike in my parking spot, and make it our friend group's official big ole shared communist cargo bike. What a game changer. I can actually haul shit now. Yesterday I went grocery shopping and got the BIG thing of toilet paper that lasts months instead of a teeny tiny one that lasts a week. Today I'm gonna and get a heavy-ass propane tank from a guy so I can finally grillman again. I mog the car brains.

[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 3 points 2 hours ago

Mr Lahey actually had a surprisingly vast knowledge of ornithology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shite-hawk

[–] tombruzzo@hexbear.net 4 points 3 hours ago

Times have gotten so tough Brian Bolland has started doing sequentials again.

(This is just a bit, he hasn't)

[–] Goblinmancer@hexbear.net 2 points 2 hours ago

Theory: back in 2020 riot tried to semi reboot Noxus as closer to elder scrolls Empire just like how Demacia essentially become Dragon Age Templars 2.0 then by time of arcane release they fired all the og writers dont know what do with those regions so modern Noxus lore nowadays is hyping up Leblanc while swain barely has actual presence and demacia season ignores the whole mage vs knights conflict.

[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 3 points 3 hours ago

He's a life-changer, miracle arranger
Born to the virgin mom in a manger
Water to wine, drink exchanger

[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 2 points 2 hours ago

isss friggin happenuingjg noww getaboard the train og lhype and freakigdj dance till youier feeet falkl off babyu

[–] KuroXppi@hexbear.net 3 points 3 hours ago

Oedipus skill issue I'd just fuck his mum

[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 3 points 3 hours ago
[–] Bolshechick@hexbear.net 3 points 3 hours ago

It's time to bring back mentally ill drunken journal posting on the mega

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 4 points 4 hours ago (1 children)

I wanna start a sleazy hair metal band but based entirely around the band Tank's first album, GISM riffs and the song Live Wire by Motley Crue. Glam metal got slow too early. I also have sick feathered hair and csn write riffs for days.

[–] Bolshechick@hexbear.net 2 points 3 hours ago (1 children)

the band Tank's

Yoooooooooooo. Recognized as a cool person with good niche taste

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 2 points 3 hours ago (1 children)

I have amazing taste in music. If there is one thing I have going on its that I know the absolute fuck out of music

[–] Bolshechick@hexbear.net 1 points 3 hours ago

Me too tbh. Probably the only thing I have going on

[–] Bolshechick@hexbear.net 2 points 3 hours ago

I love that i can go from feeling on top of the world to wanting to be dead in a couple hours. Love that I can't even tell if I'm a huge asshole, someone else is, or if I'm making a mountain out of a molehill

I am a pile of contradictory thoughts and feelings and I don't trust any of them

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 2 points 3 hours ago

Wire is the best band. Debate me.

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 4 points 4 hours ago (1 children)

Just noticed my kitty seems to like whe i sing iron maiden songs to her while she sleeps. The paws are going and she is dreaming

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 3 points 4 hours ago

Holy Darby!

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 2 points 4 hours ago (1 children)

Im crust ad fuck, but upon giving giving a good listen after reallt reallt liking Common People and Like a Friend, Pulp is a really reallt good band.

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 2 points 3 hours ago

Wire is a better version tho. Wire is the nesr band ever

[–] Evilphd666@hexbear.net 1 points 3 hours ago
[–] Acute_Engles@hexbear.net 3 points 6 hours ago

Got a decent job after recovering from my injury. Pays well and the coworkers seem cool but uh...

The company name and logo are racist? I've been assured that the owner of the company belongs to the group himself but like... i don't want to wear the shirt because I'm a beardy white guy wearing something a baseball team would be pressured to change

[–] Carl@hexbear.net 8 points 8 hours ago (2 children)

at baseball game

singer starts performing "god bless america"

everybody stands

everybody faces a certain direction

i look where everybody's facing

it's the jack in the box mascot

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 6 points 7 hours ago (1 children)

They fell off hard after but Kezia by Protest the Hero remains one of my all time favorite albums and readily my number one concept album, cause most of those suck. The bassist who wrote the lyrics was a post laureate nominee and I see why. Like bruh:

The day that civil glory dismembered my civility I could have parted ribs and flesh like a different kind of Red Sea Drowned the ancient east in western

progress, custom and the least of all our pride and sentiments

Which turned out to be the closest thing to a fashion trend

That's ever been bulletproof

Which turned out to be the closest thing to a fashion trend

That's ever been put on trial

The rest was cast off as denial of

statehood and mastery

The ultimate form of treason is the

treacherous use of reason

(the treacherous use)

Employed by the bastard sons of American fore-fathers who keep this fire burning With the flesh of their would-be American

daughters

What will happen to our children when the least of us pass on?

Us who fought the monsters of our country's crowded closet Us who dropped the bombs on goodness when we saw it wasn't flawless

Us whose youthful life was hostage to what harm did

Who fought the hardest to be swept under the carpet

And I'm still a cigarette softly smoking on the edge of a metal ashtray

I begged this place to let me burn, and it whispered, "burn away"

Iran a concept album about a woman on dwarf row for a non specific but clearly revolutionary crime in an unspecified place. The first three songs are from the prisom priests perspective, second 3 from a guards perspective (this is one of those), 3 from the condemned's perspective and a denoumont. The musical presentation isnt generally my thing, I dont like technical metal much but with 20 years sitting with it and having seen the name live doing songs off the album like 10 times and before they did the album another 10, I do make some exceptions. Its good shit. Id at least read the lyrics

[–] MeetMeAtTheMovies@hexbear.net 3 points 6 hours ago (1 children)

I love them in general, even their new stuff

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 3 points 6 hours ago

Im very into metal and thar because.e more forefront and the lyrics got written bt rody

[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 2 points 6 hours ago

James Harden sucks

my dad looked at me like i'm fuckin' insane because I was like "what if I smoke this cauliflower and then toss it in some harissa" (in a wood pellet smoker)

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 6 points 8 hours ago

We need yo give classical pieces notmal song names. Crapaldi's 5th Interlude in G isnt memorable

[–] LeeeroooyJeeenkiiins@hexbear.net 4 points 7 hours ago* (last edited 7 hours ago)

when I posted saying i had the idea for what was basically monoclonal antibodies when I was in the 6th grade, i was lying, actually I'd read something about using lipids to create proto- cell membrane like structures and thought "if we could make artificial cells with whatever cell receptors we want at a large enough scale (but with nothing inside to replicate with), viruses would blow their loads on nothing and fail to replicate, effectively dying. wow i'm so smart"

monoclonal antibodies is a much easier to do and better idea like why make a whole ass fake cell like you're fighting the cellular Trojan War when you can just target the receptors.

going back in time to say to myself "dumb kid"

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 4 points 7 hours ago

Mistakes mean it's handmade. Leave in at least 1, always.

is it wrong to cook chinese food professionally if you're "white"

(i was thinking about applying to a local chinese restaurant but I saw a review or two complaining about that)

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 4 points 8 hours ago

If you gaze into the beans for long enough, the beans gaze back into you...

Drinking alcohol every couple months as a reminder that it no longer does anything for me aside from make my meds stop working

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 4 points 8 hours ago

When I get a new job at some point, I cant keep cooking food forever, my back and legs are already fucked, im gknna pretend to be French. I can speak the language and do the accent. French people are expected to not take shit at work. I got asked why I was taking a 3 day weekend recently and I just replied 'joy'. I think im gonna really lean into this

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 5 points 9 hours ago (1 children)

Literally just lie, bullshit your way into a job youre not qualified for, they still gotta pay you until they fire you. You gotta have a solid moral compass, but once you do, lying to people that are on the okay list is a cheap and legal thrill. Like your boss, or landlord, anyone with power over you is ethically fair game for deception because honest communication was already off the table but the with the cards stacked in their favor. I told my boss once that I had a childhood friend who was on an episode of nanny 911 thst was pulled after one airing and he wouldnt talk about, he still believes me, this was just to test his bullshit detector. Get Garak Pilled at work

[–] Abracadaniel@hexbear.net 3 points 6 hours ago (3 children)

I applied for a position at my company, in a related team and thought I was a good candidate. They didn't even interview me!

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[–] wombat@hexbear.net 6 points 10 hours ago (1 children)

it is may 25 and stalin saved the world from fascism

[–] Evilphd666@hexbear.net 3 points 9 hours ago

And flattened-bernie endorsed it. Bernie rallied for the obvious PLANTer "fighting the oligarchy" by looking the other way at a dude with a totenkoph skull tattoo who claims he was ignorant of it's meaning until he was called out on it by a reporter.

https://xcancel.com/BernieSanders/status/2058908791869960321#m

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