Linux

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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

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You're about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you're overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)

The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide. Because there is a lot of info and explanations everywhere, I will often (over-)simplify so as to keep the information accessible and digestible. Please refrain from asking to add your favorite distro/DE in the comments, I feel there is too much choice already ;)

Preamble

Make sure your hardware is compatible

Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don't use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you're golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.

Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux

If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).

Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS

Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It's okay. You're learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.

When in doubt, search for documentation

Arch Wiki is one of the greatest knowledge bases about Linux. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same. Most distros also maintain their own knowledge base.

Understanding the Linux world

What is Linux?

Linux, in the strictest definition, is the kernel, ie. the core component that, among other things, orchestrates and handles all interactions between hardware and software, of a large family of operating systems that, by metonymy, are called "Linux". In general understanding, Linux is any one of these operating systems, called distros.

What is a distro?

A distro, short for "Software Distribution", is a cohesive ensemble of software, providing a full operating system, maintained by a single team. Generally, all of them tend to provide almost the same software and work in a very similar way, but there are major philosophical differences that may influence your choice.

What are the main differences between distros?

As said above, there are a lot of philosophical differences between distros that lead to practical differences. There are a lot of very different ways the same software can be distributed.

  • "Point Release" (OpenSUSE Leap) vs. "Rolling Release" (OpenSUSE Tumbleweed): Point release distros are like traditional software. They have numbered releases, and between each one no feature updates take place, only security updates and bug fixes. Rolling Release distros package and distribute software as soon as it's available upstream (the software developer's repos), meaning that there are no versions and no specific schedule.
  • "Stable" (Debian Stable) vs. "Bleeding edge" (Arch): Stable distros are generally point release, and focus on fixing bugs and security flaws at the expense of new features. Each version goes through a lenghty period of feature freeze, testing and bug fixing before release. Stability here not only means trouble-free operation, but more importantly consistent behavior over time. Things won't evolve, but things won't break. At least until the next release. Bleeding edge distros, which often follow the rolling release model (there are outliers like Fedora which are mostly bleeding edge yet have point releases), on the other hand, are permanently evolving. By constantly pushing the latest version of each software package, new features, new bugs, bug fixes, security updates and sometimes breaking changes are released continuously. Note that this is not a binary, there is a very large continuum between the stablest and the most bleeding edge distro.
  • "Community" (Fedora) vs. "Commercial" (RHEL): Despite the name, Community distros are not only maintained by volunteers, but can also be developed by some company's employees and can be sponsored by commercial entities. However, the main difference with Commercial distros is that they're not a product destined to be sold. Commercial distros like Red Hat's RHEL, SuSE Linux Enterprise or Ubuntu Pro are (supposed to be) fully maintained by their company's employees and target businesses with paid support, maintenance, fixes, deployment, training etc.
  • "x package manager" vs. "y package manager", "x package format" vs. "y package format": It doesn't matter. Seriously. apt, dnf or pacman, to name a few, all have the exact same purpose: install and update software on your system and manage dependencies.
  • "general purpose" (Linux Mint) vs. "niche" (Kali Linux): General purpose distros are just that: distros that can do pretty much anything. Some are truly general purpose (like Debian), and have no bias towards any potential use, be it for a server, a desktop/laptop PC, some IOT or embedded devices, containers etc., some have various flavors depending on intended use (like Fedora Workstation for desktops and Fedora Server for, you guessed it, servers) but are still considered general purpose. They aim for maximum hardware compatibility and broad use cases. At the opposite end, niche distros are created for very specific and unique use cases, like pentesting (Kali), gaming (Nobara), music production (AV Linux) etc. They tend to have a lot of specific tools preinstalled, nonstandard defaults or modified kernels that may or may not work properly outside of their inteded use case.
  • "team" (Any major distro) vs. "single maintainer" (Nobara): Pretty self explanatory. Some distros are maintained by a single person or a very small group of people. These distros do not usually last very long.
  • "traditional" (Fedora Workstation) vs. "atomic" (Fedora Silverblue): In traditional distros, everything comes from a package. Every single component is individually installable, upgradeable, and deletable. Updating a package means deleting its previous version and replacing it with a new one. A power failure during an update lead to a partial upgrade and can make a system unbootable. Maybe a new package was bad and breaks something. Almost nothing prevents an unsuspecting user from destroying a core component. To mitigate risks and ensure a coherent system at each boot, atomic (also called transactional or immutable) distros, pioneered by Fedora Silverblue and Valve's SteamOS, were born. Like mobile phone OSes, the base system is a single image, that gets installed, alongside the current running version and without modifying it, and becomes active at the next reboot. As updates are isolated from one another, if the new version doesn't work the user can easily revert to a previous, functional version. Users are expected to install Flatpaks or use Distrobox, as installing (layering) packages is not as straightforward as with standard distros.
  • "OG" (Debian) vs. "derivative" (Ubuntu): Original distros are directly downstream of their components' source code repositories, and do most of the heavy lifting. Because of the tremendous amount of work it represents, only a few distros like Debian, Arch, Slackware or Fedora have the history, massive community and sometimes corporate financial backing to do this. Other distros reuse most packages from those original distros and add, replace or modify some of them for differenciation. For example, Debian is the parent of almost all deb-based distros like Ubuntu, which itself is the parent of distros like Mint or Pop!_OS.

What are the main components of a distro, ie. a Linux-based operating system?

All distros provide, install and maintain, among other things, the following components:

  • Boot and core system components (these are generally out-of-scope for beginners, unless you need to fix something, but you should at least know they exist):
    • A boot manager (GRUB, systemd_init, etc.): Boots the computer after the motherboard POSTs, lets you choose what to start
    • An init system (systemd, etc.): Starts everything needed to run the computer, including the kernel
    • A kernel (Linux): Has control over everything, main interface for software to discuss with hardware
  • Command-line environment, to interact with he computer in text mode:
    • A shell (bash, zsh, fish etc.): The main interface for command-line stuff
    • Command-line tools (GNU, etc.): Standard suite of command-line tools + default tools chosen by the distro maintainers
    • User-installable command-line tools and shells
  • Graphical stack for desktop/laptop computers:
    • Display servers (X11, Wayland compositors): Handle drawing stuff on screens
    • A Desktop environment (Plasma, Gnome, XFCE etc.): The main graphical interface you'll interact with everyday.
    • User-facing applications (browsers, text processors, drawing software etc.): Some are generally installed by default and/or are part of a desktop environment's suite of software, most are user-installable.
  • A package manager (apt, dnf, pacman, yast etc.): Installs, deletes, updates and manages dependencies of all software installed on the machine.

Which are the main Desktop Environments and which one should I choose?

As a new user, this is basically the only thing you should concern yourself about: choosing a first Desktop environment. After all, it will be your main interface for the weeks/years to come. It's almost as important as choosing your first distro. These are a few common choices that cater to different tastes:

  • Gnome: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides its strongly opinionated developers' vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are thousands of extensions to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome's development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.
  • KDE Plasma: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is not yet a single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers and explains why there are so few distros with Plasma as the flagship DE. The KDE team is however evolving towards a more regular update cycle.
  • Cinnamon: Forked from Gnome 3 by the Linux Mint team who disliked the extreme change of user experience it introduced, Cinammon provides a very traditional, "windows-like", desktop-metaphor experience in a more modern software stack than the older DEs it takes inspiration from. Cinnamon still keeps a lot in common with Gnome by being simple and easy to use, yet heavily modifiable with themes, applets and extensions.
  • Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs. If your machine is super old, extremely underpowered and has less than a few Gb of RAM, don't expect miracles though. A single browser tab can easily dwarf the RAM usage and processing power of your entire system.

As for which one you should choose, this is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences. FYI, you are not married to your distro's default desktop environment. It's just what comes preinstalled. You can install alternative DEs on any distro, no need to reinstall and/or distro-hop.

How do I install stuff on Linux?

Forget what you're used to do on Windows of MacOS: searching for your software in a seach engine, finding a big "Download" button on a random website and running an installer with administator privileges. Your package manager not only keeps you system up to date, but also lets you install any software that's available in your distro's repositories. You don't even need to know the command line, Gnome's Software or Plasma's Discover are nice graphical "App Stores" that let you find and install new software.

Flatpak are a great and more recent recent alternative to distro packages that's gaining a lot of traction, and is increasingly integrated by default to the aforementioned App Stores. It's basically a "universal" package manager system thet sits next to your system, that lets software developers directly distribute their own apps instead of offloading the packaging and distribution to distro maintainers.

Choosing a first distro

As discussed before, there is a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons) of distros out there. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a decently large community of maintainers and contributors and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case. Choose a distro that implements well the DE of your choice.

What are great distros for beginners?

The following are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way. Always read the installation documentation thoroughly before attempting anything, and follow any post-install requirements (for example, installing restricted-licence drivers on Fedora).

  • Fedora Workstation: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite being sponsored by Red Hat (who are getting a lot of justified hate for moving RHEL away from open-source), this is a great community distro for both beginners and very advanced users (including the Linus Torvalds). Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment, but also has a fantastic Plasma version. Keywords: Point Release, close to Bleeding Edge, Community, dnf/rpm, large maintainer team, traditional, original.
  • Linux Mint: Mint is an Ubuntu (or Debian for the LMDE variant) derivative for beginners and advanced users alike, that keeps Ubuntu's hardware support and ease of use while reverting its shenanigans and is Cinammon's flagship distro. Its main goal is to be a "just works" distro. Keywords: Point Release, halfway between Stable and Bleeding Edge, Community, apt/deb, smallish maintainer team but lots of contributors, traditional, derivative (Ubuntu or Debian).
  • Pop!_OS: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this is another Ubuntu derivative that removes Snaps in favor or Flatpaks. Its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice. In a few months/years, it will be the flagship distro for the -promising but still in development- Cosmic DE. Keywords: Point Release, halfway between Stable and Bleeding Edge, commercially-backed Community, apt/deb, employee's maintainer team, traditional, derivative (Ubuntu).
  • If you want something (advertised as) zero-maintenance, why not go the Atomic way? They are still very new and there isn't a lot of support yet because they do things very differently than regular distros, but if they wort OOTB on your system, they should work reliably forever. Sensible choices are uBlue's Aurora (Plasma), Bluefin (Gnome) or Bazzite (gaming-ready), which are basically identical to Fedora's atomic variants but include (among other things) restricted-licence codecs and QOL improvements by default, or OpenSUSE's Aeon (Gnome). Keywords: Point Release, Bleeding Edge, Community, rpm-ostree, large maintainer team, Atomic, sub-project (Fedora/OpenSUSE).

Which power-user distros should I avoid as a beginner, unless I reaaaally need to understand everything instead of being productive day one?

These are amongst the very best but should not be installed as your first distro, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.

  • Debian Stable: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel quite outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as "Standard Linux" as can be. Debian almost made the cut to "beginner" distros because of its incredible reliability and massive amount of documentation available, but it might be a bit too involved for an absolute beginner to configure to perfection. Keywords: Point Release, Stable as fuck, Community, apt/deb, large maintainer team, traditional, original.
  • Arch: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux. The "Arch btw" meme of having to perform every single install step by hand has taken a hit since Arch has had a basic but functional installer for a few years now, which is honestly a good thing. I work in sofware. A software engineer who does every single tedious task manually instead of automating it is a shit software engineer. A software engineer who prides themself from doing every single tedious task manually should seriously reconsider their career choices. Arch's other main appeal is the Arch User Repository or AUR, a massive collection of user-created, automated install scripts for pretty much anything. Keywords: Rolling Release, Bleeding-edge, Community, pacman/pkg, large maintainer team, traditional, original.

Which distro should I avoid, period?

  • Ubuntu: despite having a huge mind-share as the beginner distro, Ubuntu suffers from it's parent company's policy to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really and a second-rate citizen compared to their Ubuntu Pro commercial product. Some of the worst takes in recent years have been pushing Snaps super agressively in order to get some "vendor-lock-in", proprietary walled-garden ecosystem with exclusive commercial apps, forcibly installing snaps even when explicitely asking for a .deb package through apt, baking ads and nags into major software or only delivering critical security patches to Pro customers. Fortunately, there are some great derivatives like Mint or Pop!_OS cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical.
  • Manjaro: Manjaro might seem appealing as a "user-friendlier" Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs Arch-style regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro. Manjaro also has a highly irregular update schedule that's weeks behind Arch, making using the AUR extremely dangerous, as it always expects a fully up-to-date Arch system.
  • Any single-maintainer or tiny team distros like Nobara or CachyOS. They might be fantastic distros made by exceptional people (I have mad respect for Nobara's maintainer Glorious Eggroll and his work on Proton-GE), they are most often derivatives so the heavy lifting is already done by their parent distro's maitainers, but there is too much risk involved. Sometimes life happens, sometimes people move on to other projects, and dozens of small distros get abandonned every year, leaving their users dead in the water. Trusting larger teams is a much safer bet in the long term.
  • Anything that refuse to use standards for ideological reasons like Alpine Linux, Devuan or Artix. Don't get me wrong, not using any GNU tools or systemd is a cool technological feat and developing alternatives to the current consensus is how things evolve. However, these standard tools have a long history, hundreds if not thousands of maintainers and are used by millions, meaning there's a huge chance your specific issue is already solved. Refusing to use them should be reserved to very advanced users who perfectly understand what they're gaining and losing. As a beginner to intermediate level, it will at best make most of the documentation out there irrelevant, at worst make your life a miserable hell if you need to troubleshoot anything.

Philosophical questions, or "I've seen people arguing over the Internet and now I'm scared"

You've done your research, you're almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community or on the other website that starts with a "R", but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?

Shoud I learn the command line?

Yes, eventually. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE's settings. But sometimes, it's much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it's the only way to fix something. It's not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.

I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from its era?

Noooo!. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server. If it's possible, one of the best ways to breathe new life into an old machine is to add some RAM, as even lightweight modern sofware will struggle with less than a few Gb.

Should I be concerned about systemd?

No. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical and ideological rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner.

Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?

Yes and No, but mostly No. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people's complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GTX/RTX users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80's and 90's and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. X11 was born in a time when mainframes did most of the heavy lifting and windows were forwarded over a local network to dumb clients. X11 predates the Internet and has basically no security model. Wayland solves that by being a much simpler display protocol with a much smaller feature set adapted to modern computing and security. The only downside is that some very specific functionalities based on decades of X11 hacking and absolute lack of security can be lost.

I want to play some games, should I look for a gaming distro?

No. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.

Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps vs. native packages?

Not really. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent stable version and/or the one packaged by the developer themselves (which should often be the Flatpak anyway). Snaps however are kinda bad. They are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. Also, Canonical is very aggressive in pushing snaps to their users, even forcing them even when they want to install an apt package. If you don't care, have fun.

I need/want program "x", but it is only available on distro "y" and not on mine. I've been told to ditch my beloved distro and install the other one, should I?

No. Generally, most software is intallable from your distro's package manager and/or Flatpak. But sometimes, your distro doesn't package this program you need, or an inconsiderate developer only distributes a random .deb on their Github release page. Enter Distrobox. It is a very simple, easy to use command line tool that automates the creation of other Linux distros containers using Docker or Podman (basically, tiny, semi-independant Linuxes that live inside your regular Linux), and lets you "export" programs installed inside these containers to you main system so you can run them as easily and with almost the same performance as native programs. Some atomic distros like uBlue's variants even include it by default. That .deb we've talked about before? Spin a Debian container and dpkg install the shit out of it. Absolutely need the AUR? Spin an Arch container and go to town.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to everyone who helped improve this guide: @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml, @tkn@startrek.website, @throwaway2@lemmy.today, @cerement@slrpnk.net, @kzhe@lemm.ee, @freijon@feddit.ch, @aarroyoc@lemuria.es, @SexualPolytope@lemmy.sdf.org, @Plopp@lemmy.world, @bsergay@discuss.online ...and many others who chimed in in the comments <3

Link to version 1: https://lemm.ee/post/15895051

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Well, well, well...

Asahi Linux is the reason you can run Linux on an Apple Silicon Mac today. For years, the project put most of its own code under the MIT license so that anyone, including the BSDs, could reuse it as needed.

That is changing because Asahi Linux is tired of code laundering. They have announced that Asahi is moving all of its repositories to the GNU General Public License version 2 or later. Going forward, all Asahi Linux code will be under strong copyleft licenses only.

This is because people were taking in-development code straight out of their personal forks, publishing it without credit, or rewriting it with AI to hide its origin for "replacing the project and aggressively monetising Linux on Apple Silicon."

What is code laundering?

Code laundering (also called license laundering) is the practice of taking someone else's code and passing it through a process that hides where it came from, so you can use it without honoring the original license or crediting the author.

Before AI, this usually meant manually rewriting code line by line, renaming variables and stuff, and shuffling functions around until it no longer looked like the original.

LLMs made it much more easy and cheaper of course.

The MIT license only asks you to keep the original copyright notice. It doesn't require you to share your changes or keep your version open. That's what makes it popular, and it's also what made things problematic for Asahi here.

Learning from history

The move has come after the Asahi team was made aware "some time ago" of multiple attempts to exploit its permissive licensing to hijack its work.

In the most extreme cases, feature code that was still under development was lifted from developers' personal forks before it was even publicly released. The report points out that the MIT license "explicitly allows this, and has no carveouts to protect against bad faith actors."

Asahi didn't name anyone in the report. It also didn't spell out how existing contributions will be relicensed or whether every past contributor agreed to it.

Asahi draws parallels with WINE's situation two decades ago. WINE, the compatibility layer that lets you run Windows apps on Linux, was originally MIT-licensed too. But in the late 90s and early 2000s, companies took the code, built proprietary forks on top of it, and sold them commercially. So, in 2002, the WINE team relicensed to the LGPL to discourage proprietary forks and push companies to contribute upstream.

Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it

Asahi has been upset lately

Asahi didn't name anyone so we are left with guesswork on who they are targeting with this license move.

There have been at least two public forks of Asahi's work in recent months, both tied to AI-assisted development. In case you did not know, Asahi Linux forbids AI generated code contribution.

The first is Aurora Silicon and its Vulkan driver, Borealis. Borealis is a fork of Asahi's HoneyKrisp, the Vulkan driver for Apple GPUs. Aurora Silicon submitted a pull request to register its own Vulkan driver ID with Khronos (VK_DRIVER_ID_AURORA_BOREALIS), says the driver runs on M1 to M5 and the A18 Pro, and keeps it in its own Mesa fork rather than upstream.

The second is Gravity Linux, a Fedora-based distro for Apple Silicon. It was forked from Asahi over the disagreement about LLM use.

To be fair to Gravity, it is open source, it isn't selling anything, and it credits its AI use openly. It even says it plans to sunset the distro once its driver work lands upstream.

It isn't the kind of bad actor the progress report describes. But it does represent the "permissive fork that embraces AI" approach that Asahi has consistently pushed back against.

For clarification, Asahi's progress report does not mention Aurora Silicon or Gravity Linux by name. I have provided their conflict with Asahi as context.

Why this license change matters

As far as I can tell, this is the first time a major open source project has moved to copyleft specifically because of AI-assisted code laundering. Projects have relicensed before, but usually to stop cloud providers from reselling their work as a service. This one is specifically about AI.

I wouldn't be surprised if more hardware enablement and reverse-engineering projects follow. Making the first changes takes a lot of time and effort but they are easier to "rewrite" once someone has done the hard part.

Will the GPL actually help?

If the problem is people who already ignore the MIT license, why would they respect the GPL? After all, GPL cannot stop a determined bad actor. Nothing does, actually.

Stripping attribution from MIT code already breaks the MIT license, since keeping the copyright notice is its one real condition.

What the GPL changes is the commercial benefit. Under MIT, someone can take Asahi's code, close it up, and sell a product, and that's perfectly legal as long as the notice stays in.

Under the GPL, anyone who distributes a modified version has to release the source under the same license. You can't legally build a closed, paid Apple Silicon distro on top of GPL code. And if a product's source has to be public, the copying is easier to spot. Not everyone is happy

The move has drawn criticism, particularly from the BSD side, which was one of the main reasons Asahi chose MIT in the first place. OpenBSD's Apple Silicon support relies on Asahi's m1n1 bootloader.

OpenBSD developer Bryan Steele wrote on X:

"Sad to see Asahi out there burning bridges for no reason.. relicensing m1n1 and drivers under GPL2-or-later, seemingly without the consent of all prior contributors, under the guise of "defending against AI bad actors", seems entirely disingenuous and misguided."

Wrapping up

Asahi is betting that copyleft license provides a better defense in this changed world where anyone can launder code with a prompt.

It may not stop the bad actors from rewriting its code, but at least it reduces the chances of a closed commercial fork.

It would be interesting to see whether the BSD community finds a way to keep working with Asahi under the new terms.

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Say the name "Chromium" out loud in Linux circles, and you will soon see what a mob looks like. Many people don't like how much of the web rests on one engine led by Google, and they prefer to keep it away from their systems.

Now we have Domicile, a new Rust-based Wayland compositor that uses a patched build of Chromium to draw the entire desktop as a web page.

Apps still run natively, and each Wayland window goes straight into Chromium's rendering system and shows up inside that page as an element. A window and a website can then sit side by side and be arranged the same way.

Domicile: Overview

Domicile is not a drop-in desktop like GNOME or KDE Plasma. It leaves the bar, the window layout, and the look to a shell, and that shell itself is a web page you have to write yourself.

Native app windows and websites both sit on that page, and because CSS decides where each one goes, layouts like tiling or floating take only a few lines of styling.

You can even swap the shell without closing a single window because loading a new one resets only the state held in the shell's own page. A single page can span every monitor, and shells are built from packages that anyone can publish on npm, whether it is a whole desktop, a bar, or a launcher.

The compositor still handles the lock screen, tray icons, notifications, and screen sharing, while the shell decides how they look. The built-in browser runs Manifest V3 Chrome extensions, but some of them behave differently than they do in Chrome.

Apps need Wayland support to run. Electron, SDL, and Qt apps start in Wayland mode, but X11-only ones will not run. Xwayland, the compatibility layer that lets X11 apps work on Wayland desktops, is something Domicile does not include.

The project is provided under the MIT license, and the Chromium files it modifies stick to Chromium's licenses. One more thing, and this could be a dealbreaker for some of you, the project is AI-assisted.

Manganese, the element?

Not quite. Manganese is the ready-made shell that comes with Domicile, and it works as a complete tiling desktop out of the box. Its keybindings follow Sway's on the Super key, and you get ten workspaces along with tabs, stacks, splits, floating windows, and a scratchpad.

Websites open as windows too, sitting next to native apps in the same layout, while extensions from the Chrome Web Store show up as buttons in the top bar.

It comes with a Settings app, clipboard history, launcher, screenshots tool, notifications, and a lock screen. Since every part of it is its own package, you can add a new item to the bar or replace the launcher while the rest stays as it is.

Getting started

Packages exist for Fedora, openSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, and Arch Linux, plus an AUR package for Arch users. For NixOS, or Nix on any distro, you can use the project's flake.

It runs only on x86_64, and the project has no ARM builds.

A monolithic package carries Manganese, the login session, the domicile command, and the React packages that shells build against. After installing, you point a config file at the shell you want, then log out and pick "Domicile" on the login screen.

4
 
 

Linus Torvalds just released the second weekly release candidate of Linux 7.4 with some notable bug fixes and other changes routed in past the merge window. It's another big one in the AI era.

This week brought some adjustments to the AMD PerfOpt feature for helping Radeon iGPU performance, fixing faulty BHI mitigation selection for some kernel configurations, a big improvement for FAT32 especially with synchronous mounts, AMDGPU driver fixes for HDMI 2.2 FRL, and numerous fixes for "nasty long standing bugs" in the core memory management code. Plus the usual assortment of bug fixes as well as the seemingly never-ending flow of AI/LLM generated patches and bug reports.

Linux 7.4-rc2 Git tag

Linux creator Linus Torvalds wrote in the 7.4-rc2 announcement:

"Ok, a big -rc2 to go with the largest ever -rc1. But the diffstat looks fairly benign, and is dominated by some automated coccinelle updates that I got for the merge window but left for rc2 because I didn't want to deal with them when I was on the road (and had a hard time finding the motivation to deal with them afterwards too, to be honest).

That said, the scripted updates are largely just one- and two-liners, and they [really] are very straightforward so they "dominate" the diffstat only in the sense that they are very spread out and do add a lot of noise.

When masking that noise out from the diffstat, the shape of it changes - not spread out over thousands of files any more. But it does not look unusual: a third is drivers (gpu, networking and sound account for most of it, but there's a bit of everything), another third is networking and bpf, and the final third is "the rest" (mostly filesystems, mm, arch updates).

And yes, much of this was driven by various AI fixes. I think I'll stop repeating that, and we can just take it for granted. But this time around Alexei claims that on the bpf side at least the fixes are now coming in faster than the new reports, and that sounds lovely if true.

I think most other areas haven't reached that point yet, but it's at least a sign that we _may_ be starting to see the tide starting to turn.

Don't hold your breath, but maybe cross your fingers we'll be getting there in the not entirely distant future.

In the meantime, please keep testing,"

See our Linux 7.4 feature overview for a look at all the changes coming to this kernel aiming for a stable release around the end of December.

5
 
 

Slax developer Tomas Matejicek has announced Slax 2026.11, a new version of the lightweight, portable Linux distribution designed to run from a USB drive. Based on Debian 13 and powered by the Linux kernel 6.12, the release features a redesigned desktop, a built-in AI assistant, Secure Boot support, and a graphical installer, all packed into a 512 MiB ISO image.

The desktop has been overhauled with Alt+Tab window previews, live taskbar thumbnails, and four virtual workspaces. Users can view all workspaces simultaneously with Alt+F3 or switch between them using Ctrl+F1 through F4.

The desktop also supports files and folders, and the taskbar includes keyboard layout switching and volume controls. Application interfaces have been adjusted for a more consistent appearance across older and newer programs.

The application launcher has been improved as well. Optional applications are marked with a download icon, letting users install and launch them from the menu. Traditional package management through APT remains available.

One of the most notable additions is the Slax AI Assistant, which allows users to troubleshoot problems, inspect their systems, and execute commands using natural-language instructions. It helps identify disk space usage, investigate system issues, and perform administrative tasks. The assistant requires an internet connection and user sign-in.

Slax 2026.11 also includes a graphical installer for Windows and Linux. Users can create bootable USB drives or install Slax alongside an existing operating system on supported configurations. Additionally, UEFI Secure Boot is now supported through a signed bootloader and kernel, eliminating the need to disable Secure Boot on compatible machines.

Another improvement concerns persistent sessions. A single USB drive can store multiple named sessions, each retaining its own applications, files, and settings. Users can select a session at startup, duplicate it using F4, or rename it with F6, as these sessions can be carried between computers.

For disk maintenance and recovery, Slax includes a graphical partition manager that supports creating, resizing, and formatting partitions. Additional utilities support LVM, LUKS encryption, and filesystems such as XFS. VirtualBox, VMware, and SPICE integration is also included for virtual machine environments.

However, users depending on Slax’s modular system should note an important change. The distribution now uses OverlayFS instead of AUFS, so the slax activate and slax deactivate commands can no longer dynamically load or unload .sb modules during a running session.

Modules can still be included before boot, while installing software through APT and preserving changes in persistent sessions remain supported.

For more information, see the announcement.

6
 
 

The aerynOS team has published its latest unstable stream update, introducing Linux kernel 7.2.15, which marks the final release in the 7.2 series. The team is preparing to move to version 7.3, expected to arrive in the volatile repository soon.

The update also includes Linux LTS 6.18.62, along with newer versions of several system components, including systemd 261.5, LLVM 23.1.5, and glibc 2.44 development snapshots.

On the package management side, Moss now displays help when users enter the older moss install and moss remove commands or their aliases. Boulder and Ent have also been updated to use a new versioning format for packages built from Git commits.

Desktop updates include KDE Gear 26.08.3, Hyprland 0.57.1, Dux suite 2.1 (formerly Dank Material Shell), Waybar 0.16, and Mir 2.31, accompanied by a rebuild of Miracle WM.

KWin receives a fix for crashes involving DisplayLink docking stations when running fullscreen applications. Additional upstream NVIDIA fixes address graphical glitches, flickering, and buffer allocation problems.

COSMIC Player receives missing GStreamer dependencies, restoring audio and video playback. Meanwhile, both Ghostty and Kitty have fixes for Bash shell startup integration.

Other notable package updates include GStreamer 1.28.9, Poppler 26.11, Zed 1.27, Signal Desktop 8.34, and PowerStation 0.9. The Poppler update includes printing fixes, while additional character maps required by Ghostscript have been added.

Moreover, Rsync now includes daemon service units and the rrsync restricted helper. Zulip Desktop also gets a fix for flashing when using dark mode, along with a new application theme selector.

Finally, several new packages have been added to the repositories, including the terminal-based bandwidth monitor bandwhich, the disk usage utility duf, Gitea’s official command-line client, GNU Stow, and openfortivpn.

KDE’s KeepSecret password manager and the JetBrains Mono typeface are also newly available.

For more information, see the announcement.

7
 
 

I’ve been doing the OverTheWire Bandit over the past couple of days and have become stuck on the earlier levels. I deem this very embarrassing as this is supposed to be an “easy” and “recommended for beginners” type of puzzle that requires hands on understanding of the Linux terminal. But I have been using Linux for 9 months now, I wouldn’t do the most complicated things (other than break my whole os) only the things required to make my overall user experience somewhat enjoyable. Now this makes me very sad to come to the conclusions that I may be below the average Linux beginner which I didn’t know was possible according to my knowledge. I am only asking of tips and tricks to these puzzles and maybe to positive reinforcement to make feel better about myself. Now I will not tolerate spoilers as in the official rules of OverTheWire clearly states, and I hope you will follow this rule for the better sake of my learning and understanding of the Linux terminal ( and for the sake of the game itself)

8
 
 

Even before the Linux v7.4 merge window was over, there were already two pull requests of drm-misc-next material targeting for what will be Linux 7.5. This week already saw the third drm-misc-next pull request of more feature patches targeting this next kernel version.

This week's drm-misc-next pull brings Rockchip RK3568 support to the Rockchip DRM display driver. The RK3568 is a quad-core Arm Cortex-A55 SoC with a Mali-G52 2EE GPU and a small NPU and VPU too. The RK3568 is found in some industrial/embedded PCs, some NAS devices, and single board computers. Nice seeing the continued work on improving mainline kernel support for Rockchip SoCs.

Separately there are also a number of additional display panels now supported by the mainline kernel including the DCLTek 300249 5.5", DLCTek 300248 10.5", Novetake NT37705, xiaomi-lavender, Tianma TL063FVMC43-02, Tianma TL063FVMCA01-00, Tianma TL060FVXS16-00, TXD TXDI600YANPA-43V3, AUO B101UAN01, Truly NT36850 WQHD, Novatek NT36850, Samsung AMS644VK04, Hitachi TX10D07VM0BAA, LG LH400WV3-SD04, and Mingjun MJ070BI30IA2.

AMD Ryzen AI

The AMDXDNA accelerator driver for Ryzen AI NPus meanwhile saw support added for a new 6.0 firmware release, adding NPU3 classic device support, get/set power mode handling for new AIE4 hardware, and other AIE4 enabling like suspend and resume, clock / DPM frequency / resource information queries, AIE4 command submission, and other important additions. Over the course of this year and the past few kernel versions there's been a lot of enablement work around the AIE4 hardware that presumably is the next-gen Ryzen AI NPU to be found with the upcoming Zen 6 based client platforms launching in the new year. Hopefully with Linux 7.5 the AIE4 hardware support will be in good standing.

The full list of drm-misc-next feature patches for the week via this pull request.

9
 
 

me and fedora have been boxing for a while now and I’m thinking I want to try something else after I finish designing my next home server case for it.

I’m considering NASty as it’s doing pretty much everything out of box I want to do with this next one already, and even though it’s young, it’s build on nixOS, which I consider mature at this point.

But I have no experience with nixOS. It sounds like it’s a less obnoxious form of fedora coreOS. Any opinions?

10
 
 

Currently running mint on a 15+ year old HP laptop but I want to update to a 'modern' second hand Thinkpad. The second hand market is just full of different model numbers and I'm not sure how to filter to what I'm after.

I get most tech basics (ram, ssh) but I'm not sure what all the models numbers, generations or processors mean.

Looking for something with a memory card spot, HDMI output and ideally touchscreen.

I don't use it for gaming but have an ultra wide screen high res monitor (possibly 2k cant quite remember) that I'd like to take advantage of.

Larger SSD and 16gb ram wouldn't hurt too but I assume I can upgrade them.

I don't need the Yoga tablet style folding.

11
 
 

TUXEDO Computers has just announced that its upcoming Debian-based TUXEDO OS has entered the final stage of its open beta. That brings the Linux distro right up to the point of being fully transitioned away from Ubuntu.

The new edition, known as TUXEDO OS “Continuous Debian,” replaces the distribution’s traditional Ubuntu foundation with Debian Testing. The change denotes a significant shift for TUXEDO OS, which is developed by German Linux hardware manufacturer TUXEDO Computers.

Open beta testing started in August, and since then the dev team has issued five beta ISOs. The company has reported a large number of bug reports as a result of the testing, as well as a lot of positive feedback from users who have been running the new system without any issues.

As for the software, the current beta runs KDE Plasma 6.7.4 on Wayland, alongside KDE Frameworks 6.30, Qt 6.11.2, and Linux kernel 7.2. Unlike Debian itself, which periodically promotes its Testing branch to Stable, TUXEDO OS will remain permanently based on Debian Testing.

TUXEDO Computers will also continue maintaining its own package repositories and providing updates for key components, including the kernel, graphics drivers, and KDE Plasma.

Throughout November, the development team is concentrating on handling outstanding bug reports and handling remaining issues before the first stable release. Users participating in the testing program are encouraged to report not previously identified bugs or unanticipated behavior as soon as possible.

However, bug fixing is not the only thing left to do. TUXEDO Computers also needs to establish and validate a suite of structured, automated QA test procedures. Those tests have to be run before they can actually set a release date.

As for when the stable Debian-based TUXEDO OS will be arriving, the developers have not given us a date at this point. They do, however, expect to be able to release it fairly soon once the final testing and QA are complete.

For additional information, see the announcement.

Those interested in testing the upcoming Debian-based TUXEDO OS before its stable release can download the latest beta ISO images from the preview download directory.

12
 
 

Clarification: I normally physically log on to and play media on host A using mpv, displaying the video on an external monitor HDMI-A-2 and playing the audio from host A's headphone jack connected to external speakers. Today, I tried not physically logging on to host A, but remotely logging in from host B (my phone) using ssh from the same network and running the mpv command from host B. mpv then displays the video on the expected display HDMI-A-2, but it doesn't play any audio.

Symptomatically, if I haven't logged on physically to host A, mpv only displays video, plays no audio and throws errors. Why do I need to be physically logged on to host A for mpv to be able to access audio? You'd think a video feed would be more guarded than an audio one. But maybe this isn't about security at all? Please enlighten me! 😊

13
 
 

I got a pc that suffers from severe heating problems because of its poorly designed passive cooling case. I tried several strategies to put temperature under control, did a lot of tests with thermald, but ended up hacking a fan into the case. However, I still have problems with ssd temperatures.

Right now, as I write this, the nvme ssd is at 67ºC and easily goes beyond 80 or 90 during data transfers. I already lost 2 ssds before realizing this was the problem, because I was controlling just the cpu temperature.

There's no physical way to force airflow where the ssd is, so I was wondering if there's some way to throttle data transfer of something to prevent the ssd temperatures from reaching a threshold. All I could find was a vibecoded github repository. I don't care if data transfer gets ridiculously slow, as long as the ssd remain safe, and I can't consider getting any new hardware right now.

I'm currently running fedora 44 on that machine

Edit: I thought there was an easier software mitigation to that, but apparently, solutions will tend to the hardware side, so here are the hardware details:

  • It's an unbranded chinese cheap mini pc with a heat dissipation case that doesn't dissipate well
  • The ssd is mounted on the back of the motherboard. The model is a sandisk M.2 1TB 2280
    Here's a photo of the case, for the reference (don't judge me lol):

image

14
15
 
 

Timestamps:

00:00 Intro

00:38 Sponsor: Internxt

02:43 Affinity confirms Linux version is coming

04:33 Proton apologizes, publishes Al manifesto

08:10 Cutefish runs native macOS apps now

11:20 SUSE to let go of 10% of their workforce

13:24 Fedora 45 released

14:56 Linux Mint shows more of their new apps

17:08 OpenAl found about 1000 flaws in the kernel

19:07 Nvidia drivers update with better Wayland support

20:23 Discord ditches electron for their client, for Rust

21:46 News publishers sue Brave for selling heir content to Al providers

23:37 Macs get their Apple Silicon Proton in the form of Hadron

25:55 Sponsor: Tuxedo Computers

Links

Affinity confirms Linux version is coming

https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2026/11/affinity-linux-release-confirmed

Proton apologizes, publishes Al manifesto

https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-services/proton-apologizes-to-community-after-internal-memo-shows-force-behind-proposed-ai-use-in-building-its-privacy-products

https://proton.me/blog/ai-manifesto

Cutefish runs native macOS apps now

https://cutefish.org/blog/running-mac-apps/

https://cutefish.org/blog/mac-apps-first-milestone/

SUSE to let go of 10% of their workforce

https://www.theregister.com/software/2026/11/02/suse-to-cut-one-in-ten-employees-because-of-ai/5306950

Fedora 45 released

https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-linux-45/

Linux Mint shows more of their new apps

https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=5093

OpenAl found about 1000 flaws in the kernel

https://www.phoronix.com/news/OpenAI-948-Linux-LPE-Bugs

Nvidia drivers update with better Wayland support

https://9to5linux.com/nvidia-620-linux-graphics-driver-released-with-wayland-improvements

Discord ditches electron for their client, for Rust

https://www.theverge.com/news/1027379/discord-ditching-electron-web-app

News publishers sue Brave for selling heir content to Al providers

https://techcrunch.com/2026/11/02/new-york-times-and-other-outlets-sue-web-browser-brave-over-alleged-content-scraping/

Macs get their Apple Silicon Proton in the form of Hadron

https://github.com/Broyojo/hadron

16
 
 

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.world/post/54110939

Unredacted hardened Kernel

Hardened debian kernel built on top of graphene os patches by the redacted non profit . Details for apt repo are here.

https://git.unredacted.org/unredacted/linux-hardened-unredacted

Figured Id share for those interested. Text below copied from git readme.

What this kernel changes

On top of upstream Linux, this build applies the anthraxx/linux-hardened patch set under a kernel .config composed from anthraxx's own Arch packaging config.x86_64 (pinned by sha256 + signed-commit-verified in configs/upstream-seed.toml) layered with our project overlay (configs/intent.common.config plus the x86-only configs/intent.x86_64.config; per-symbol rationale in configs/POLICY.md). Each build re-fetches the pinned seed, verifies its signature, merges our intent, runs olddefconfig, and aborts unless every intent line lands — so new hardening features anthraxx adopts flow through automatically, while regressions on the symbols we explicitly pin fail fast at configure time. Full design in docs/operators/config-architecture.md. The hardening falls into four buckets: memory-safety (heap and stack zero-init, stack-erase-on-return, hardened usercopy, FORTIFY_SOURCE, slab freelist hardening and canaries, KASLR, KFENCE); integrity (W^X for kernel and module text, forced module-signature verification, integrity-mode lockdown under Secure Boot); attack-surface reduction (/dev/mem, /proc/kcore, kexec, and several legacy syscalls removed); and restrictive sysctl defaults (unprivileged user namespaces off; perf, BPF, and ptrace restricted to root).

That hardening comes with friction worth knowing before you install:

  • Out-of-tree modules (NVIDIA, ZFS, VirtualBox) must be rebuilt against our headers and signed. DKMS is designed to do this with a machine-local MOK key you enroll once at reboot (not yet validated against a published release — see docs/users/dkms.md).
  • Rootless containers (Docker, Podman), the Chromium sandbox, Snap, and Flatpak depend on unprivileged user namespaces, which are off by default. Re-enable them via the opt-in in docs/users/incompatibilities.md.
  • kexec/kdump, hibernation, and /dev/mem-based tools do not work.
  • Every module must be signed. An unsigned out-of-tree module will not load (MODULE_SIG_FORCE).

Per-symptom workarounds are in docs/users/incompatibilities.md. Keep your distro's stock kernel installed as a recovery fallback; both coexist and GRUB lists both.

17
 
 

Embracing ABI compatibility, AlmaLinux OS branches out with new features and capabilities while maintaining compatibility with RHEL.

18
19
 
 

I have 2 monitors, 2 keyboards, 2 mice, and 1 computer. How can I set it up for shared use?

I know this was possible on X but with Wayland maturing I assume it's moved over.

20
 
 

System SpecificationsOperating System: CachyOS Linux

KDE Plasma Version: 6.8.0

KDE Frameworks Version: 6.31.0

Qt Version: 6.12.0

Kernel Version: 7.2.11-1-cachyos (64-bit)

Graphics Platform: Wayland

Processors: 12 × 12th Gen Intel® Core™ i5-12450H

Memory: 8 GiB of RAM (7.5 GiB usable)

Graphics Processor 1: Intel® Graphics

Graphics Processor 2: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop GPU

Several days ago, I tried to update my CachyOS system. And seen the below warning from Pacman itself

Update notice: Kernel 7.3.0-2 has issues with amdgpu particularly causing black screen on AMD dGPUs

At first, I was like gonna do the update, because I don't have an AMD CPU/GPU. Then I went to check on the internet and found lots of issues with both Kernel 7.3 and KDE Plasma 6.8.1. Even affecting NVIDIA GPU.

Some of the examplesLinux 7.3 - GPU idle increased from 10 W to 60. Anyone else?

Partial upgrade for ca-certificates-mozilla

Plasma 6.8.1 update: fullscreen games choppy (fine in windowed), desktop animations laggy - fixed by downgrading to 6.8.0

Choppy frame pacing in CS2 and Deadlock (300–500 FPS) after 2026-10-22 update (linux 7.3.0, linux-firmware-amdgpu 20261019, Plasma 6.8.1) – RX 6600 XT, Wayland – fixed by snapshot rollback

Steam games broken after updating from kernel 7.2.11-1 -> 7.3.0-2 (not fixed by 7.3.0-3)

linux-cachyos 7.3.0-4: amdgpu “Fence fallback timer expired” causes game crashes (RX 6600 XT) (Monster Hunter Wilds)

Cachyos kernel upgrade to 7.3.0 - fails on AMD

After latest update to cachyos-rate-mirrors the speeds are horible

GPU and CPU Fans Running at Double Speed under 7.3.1

Cachy kernel version 7.3.1 breaks the dual display (DisplayLink device) (KDE Plasma) (Kwin)

Cannot login after the latest update from kernel 7.2.10-1 -> 7.3.0-2 (presented with a frozen screen)

Nvidia-open 615.78.08: dGPU runtime D3 “Not supported” on linux-cachyos 7.3.0-4, works on LTS 6.18.55-2

Steam games broken after updating from kernel 7.2.11-1 -> 7.3.0-2 (not fixed by 7.3.0-3)

Is there a reason that the BORE kernel is stale (7.2.10 vs. 7.3.0)?

After Recent Update, Shut Down Takes Over 1 Minute - User Manager Issue?

Behringer UMC404HD - fail with Kernel 7.3.0

LACT power cap write fails with “Operation not supported (os error 95)” on 7.3.0-3-cachyos

Plasma 6.8.1: immediate screen tearing / flickering shadows / black areas on GTX 1650 Ti (HP Pavilion Gaming 15-dk1xxx) - 6.8.0 is fine

Updating to 7.3.0-3-cachyos causes UMC204HD Audio Interface to be unusable

Issue with AdaptiveSync kernel 7.3+

Keyboard Backlight Not Working With 7.3 Kernel

Kernal 7.3.0-3 - AMD / NVIDEA

Should i stay at linux-cachyos 7.2.11-1?

After update audio is is wery crapy and not loud

Audio echo in FAudio/Proton games on launch — regression starting linux-cachyos 7.3

Severe display artifacts and flickering on NVIDIA HDMI output after today’s first upgrade (2026/10/22)

Update causing KDE Plasma crash or blackscreen at boot

After KDE 6.8 update, Desktop Animations lag and Games run on 48fps

7.3.0-2 on RX 9070 XT: no black screen, but a DCN401 MCM LUT warning on HDR enable (Plasma 6.8.0)

After update lost fps

Not every link I shared is completely relevant to me, but the amount of issues on Kernel 7.3 and KDE Plasma 6.8.1. Even affecting NVIDIA GPU made me hesitant.

Because of this hesitation, I also didn't update Firefox CA-Certificates security update.

Should I update now?

21
22
 
 

I am running DietPi on a RPI in my network with some docker containers on it.

I recently got the idea to switch off containers when not needed, e.g. during the night, since this will allow my hard drive to switch off and saves a bit of energy.

I do not recall how I found out, but for some reason what I did was to just edit the /etc/crontab file that DietPi has with sudo. Worked like a charm, I had my containers stopped and started just as specified.

But then I wanted to make some changes, change some times, add some other stuff. I did it the same way, edit the /etc/crontab file with sudo. Didn't work, none of my new additions worked.

I searched online and figured out the better way to do this is use the command "crontab -e", edit stuff there, then also check with "crontab -l" right after. That worked, now my new containers are all behaving as they should.

But how do I now get rid of the stuff I defined in /etc/crontab? I removed it all from that file, saved it, restarted the system, nothing removed these, they are somehow persisting. I know they do because I use a different log file for these and that log file still gets generated now. How can I fix this?

Bonus question about log files, how can I make them more useful in terms of information? Right now they just name the command, not even a timestamp or anything.

Thanks!

23
24
25
 
 

Edit: This question can be ignored after waiting 20 minutes. Flatpak finally responded and to told me a flatpak was installed but the flatpak remote was no longer there.

Hello,

Recently Discover stopped being able to do updates because it gets stuck on looking for flatpak updates. So I went to the terminal and used the flatpak update command and there it also gets stuck looking for updates.

So I tried doing it with Sudo and than it started working. So now I am "stuck" using the terminal everytime I want to update. I tried flatpak repair and dnf reinstall flatpak but nothing changed. Upgraded to from Fedora 44 to 45 in the vein hope that would solve but I am out of troubleshooting steps. Would anyone know how to solve this?

Thank you to anyone willing to give me the time of day.

Fen

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