this post was submitted on 14 Nov 2025
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The Hussite Wars (1419 to c. 1434) were a series of conflicts fought in Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic) between followers of the reformer Jan Hus and Catholic loyalists toward the end of the Bohemian Reformation (c. 1380 to c. 1436). Although the Catholics won, the Hussites were granted the freedom of religion they had fought for.

The wars were a direct response to the execution of Jan Hus (l. 1369-1415) in 1415 and that of his friend and colleague Jerome of Prague (l. 1379-1416) a year later after they had been condemned as heretics by the Catholic Church. The Bohemian Reformation, the first systematic attempt by Catholic clergy to reform the corruption and abuses of the medieval Church, had been underway since c. 1380 but became more radicalized after 1416, leading to the beginning of social unrest in 1419 when the Hussite Jan Želivský (l. 1380-1422) led a procession through the city that resulted in the First Defenestration of Prague on 30 July and the deaths of seven town council members.

Hus and Jerome were elevated to martyrs (later to saints), and Hus' followers were deeply devoted to his cause, but they were not a unified coalition. All that united them was their common enemy of the Catholic Church and the Catholic forces under the king of the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund of Hungary (l. 1368-1437) who had been given permission by the pope to lead the crusade against Bohemian heresy. As soon as the Hussite general Jan Žižka (l. c. 1360-1424) defeated Sigismund in an engagement – as he did every time they met in battle – the Hussite factions would turn on each other.

Žižka, a brilliant tactician, made use of firearms and wagon forts in both defense and offense, continually surprising his opponents with the maneuverability of his mobile fortifications. The Hussite Wars are commonly referenced for Žižka's tactics and the early use of firearms in European military conflicts.

Žižka died of the plague in 1424 and was replaced by the general Prokop the Bold (also given as Prokop the Great, l. c. 1380-1434), also an effective military leader. He had no more success in unifying the Hussites after engagements than Žižka had, however, and at the Battle of Lipany in 1434 moderate Hussites sided with the Catholics against the more radical faction. The moderates (Utraquists) and Catholics defeated the radicals (Taborites), ending the conflict. Afterwards, the Utraquists were granted freedom of religion at the Council of Basel in 1346, ending both the Hussite Wars and the Bohemian Reformation, although issues concerning religion would continue to cause conflict afterwards.

Hussite Wars WHE

Hussite Wagenburg

In the 15th century, during the Hussite Wars, the Hussites developed tactics of using the tabors, called vozová hradba in Czech or Wagenburg by the Germans, as mobile fortifications. It was first used in the Battle of Nekmíř. When the Hussite army faced a numerically superior opponent, the Bohemians usually formed a square of the armed wagons, joined them with iron chains, and defended the resulting fortification against charges of the enemy. Such a camp was easy to establish and practically invulnerable to enemy cavalry. The etymology of the word tabor may come from the Hussite fortress and modern day Czech town of Tábor, which itself is a name derived from biblical Jezreel mountain Tabor (in Hebrew תבור).

The crew of each wagon consisted of 18 to 21 soldiers: 4 to 8 crossbowmen, 2 handgunners, 6 to 8 soldiers equipped with pikes or flails, 2 shield carriers, and 2 drivers. The wagons would normally form a square, and inside the square would usually be the cavalry. There were two principal stages of the battle using the wagon fort: defensive and counterattack. The defensive part would be a pounding of the enemy with artillery. The Hussite artillery was a primitive form of a howitzer, called in Czech a houfnice, from which the English word howitzer comes. Furthermore, they called their guns the Czech word píšťala (hand cannon), in that they were shaped like a pipe or a fife, from which the word pistol is possibly derived. When the enemy approached near enough, crossbowmen and hand-gunners emerge from the wagons and inflict more casualties at close range. There would even be stones stored in a pouch inside the wagons for throwing should the soldiers run out of ammunition. After this huge barrage, the enemy would be demoralized. The armies of the anti-Hussite crusaders were usually heavily armored knights. Hussite tactics were to disable the knights' horses so that the dismounted (and ponderous) knights would be easier targets. Once the commander saw fit, the second stage of battle would begin. Men with swords, flails, and polearms would spring out and attack the weary enemy. Alongside this infantry, cavalry would leave the square and strike. The enemy would be eliminated, or very nearly so.

The wagon fort was later used by the crusading anti-Hussite armies at the Battle of Tachov (1427). Anti-Hussite German forces, unfamiliar with this type of strategy, were defeated. The Hussite wagon fort strategy failed at the Battle of Lipany (1434), where the Utraquist faction of Hussites defeated the Taborite faction. On a hill within a wagon fort, they were drawn into charging out prematurely, when their enemy pretended to retreat. The Utraquists would be reconciled with the Catholic Church afterward. Thus, the wagon fort's impact on Czech history ended. The first victory against the wagon fort at the Battle of Tachov showed that the best ways to defeat it were to prevent it from being erected in the first place or to get the men inside to charge out prematurely after a feint. Such solutions meant the fortification lost its prime advantage. The importance of the wagon fort in Czech history diminished, but the Czechs would continue to use the wagon forts in later conflicts. After the Hussite Wars, foreign powers such as the Hungarians and Poles who had confronted the destructive forces of Hussites, hired thousands of Czech mercenaries (such as into the Black Army of Hungary). Hungarian general John Hunyadi studied the Hussites' tactics, he applied its featuring elements in his army during the Hungarian–Ottoman Wars, including the use of war wagons as a mobile fortress called szekérvár in Hungarian. At the Battle of Varna in 1444, it is said that 600 Bohemian handgunners (men armed with early shoulder arms) defended a wagon fortification. The Germans would also use wagons for fortification. They used much cheaper materials than the Hussites, and different wagons for infantry and artillery. The Russians also used a type of movable fortress, called a guliai-gorod in the 16th century.

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[–] jjsandwich8@hexbear.net 6 points 13 hours ago

Don't have to go back to work til Monday, but I am already dreading it sadness

[–] Carl@hexbear.net 6 points 14 hours ago

I never would have suspected that getting a text input to work in my python program was such a pain in the ass.

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 4 points 12 hours ago

Noise update, ive cultivated and when im off I csn harvest via editing. Found sound is fun cause tou notice stuff. Like my towel rack is squeaky and I csn hold a towel in different amounts of tightness to get different squeaks and csn do a saw motion to control the temp. I can now cut that snd feed it into a looper and feed that loop thru pedals until it sound like the apocalypse. Everyone should have a solo noise project, theyre super easy

[–] KnilAdlez@hexbear.net 6 points 14 hours ago

Ollama now has a vulkan backend. I can run Qwen3 8b on an rx580. It's pretty quick! $80 on ebay if you're interested in trying it

[–] rootsbreadandmakka@hexbear.net 13 points 17 hours ago (2 children)

The libs are rehabilitating mtg obama-socialism

Can’t say I didn’t see this coming, but it’s still psychic torture to see

[–] Acute_Engles@hexbear.net 4 points 13 hours ago

They said universes beyond wouldn't enter standard and yet they did it anyway. Nothing can redeem Magic: The Gathering

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[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 5 points 14 hours ago

So over a decade ago 8 came across a USB to patch cord. Fucked around a bit using it as a direct line in to audacity but didnt really have the infrastructure to make a digital amp out of a real amp thing work. Now that im doing foins sound noise stuff i realized, you can use it to line in an instrument to a computer but also to lone out a computer to an amp! So I csn premix some stuff, and then run it through a pedal chain and looper, in theory.

[–] whatdoiputhere12@hexbear.net 7 points 15 hours ago* (last edited 15 hours ago)

Join a server, met with people in vc arguing over the weather and about the temperature of rain

I love tf2

[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 11 points 17 hours ago* (last edited 17 hours ago) (1 children)

Having seen that one xkcd doesn’t exempt you from the game.

[–] InevitableSwing@hexbear.net 7 points 16 hours ago* (last edited 16 hours ago)

Can you hear it? It's the sound of 100,000s of redditors sobbing.

[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 7 points 17 hours ago (1 children)

I am a 36m who was married to my wife Em 32f for the last 7 years together for 5 before that. She and I have three kids together 8m and 4m and a 2 month old girl. About a year ago I started having a relationship with a girl at my work Mel 23f. Mel was a lot of fun to be around and always made me feel good when I was around her. It was stupid but I started the affair because she always complimented me and laughed at my jokes and I found her attractive. We started seeing each other regularly and I started making up frequent business trips just so I could sleep at her place or go on small trips together. This went on for about 8 months before my wife em confronted me. She had seen the texts pop up on my Mac book when she was using it to book our yearly family trip and asked me about it as soon as I came home. I tried to brush it off saying it’s spam but she didn’t believe me. I ended up admitted everything to her telling her she isn’t the person I married anymore that she never makes me feel good or laughs at my jokes the way Mel does. She handled everything with grace. She didn’t cry or yell but just said that she thinks it would be best if I moved out. I was a little shocked by this I thought there would be at least a discussion but I agreed as I wanted to be with Mel.

It’s been about four months since that night I now live in a small apartment with Mel and only get to see my kids once a week. Mel has absolutely no interest in the kids and will leave for the day to her best friends house everytime to avoid the kids. Mel is very messy leaving all her stuff everywhere all the time and she never cleans or cooks. She also is constantly drinking or smoking weed and always going out to the clubs with her friends. We’ve been arguing about this pretty regularly and all our arguments end in screaming matches. My wife and I never argued like this never screamed at each other. Mel makes just above minimum wage so I have to pay for everything by myself now. My wife is a nurse practitioner making well over 6 figures and I pay her 2.5k every month in child support as was ordered by the court. I can’t save any money now whereas we lived extremely comfortably on our two salary income and had a hefty savings and retirement fund. I lost all of that in the divorce. In hindsight I can see my wife was exhausted because she did everything for everyone. She worked full time, she always got the kids ready and took them to school/daycare, packed lunches for everyone including me, cleaned, did homework with our 8yo, made dinner and cleaned up that, did everyone’s laundry etc and the list goes on and on. She is superwoman and I regret I didn’t see that. I miss our sex life it was incredible and I crave that intimacy whereas with Mel it’s like a dead fish. No connection or intimacy. Now that I’m doing 100% of everything by myself while working full time I get it. I get why my wife didn’t always have energy for everything I wanted to do. I just want everything back how it was. How can I approach this with my wife? How can I show her im a changed man who only cares about his family? And yes I know im the asshole that’s not why im here.

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[–] TerminalEncounter@hexbear.net 6 points 17 hours ago

You remember the trump rally where he played ava maria, that was like last year. That was some bizarre shit

[–] Inui@hexbear.net 8 points 18 hours ago* (last edited 18 hours ago)

Hear me out: a new Austin Powers but the gimmick this time is that a genderbent Austina (not sure on her name, maybe it's also just Austin to emphasize that gendered names are also bunk. Then we can have gags where someone calls "Austin" and they both turn to look) from another dimension is sent on a mission to chase a fugitive that escaped to the Powers universe we're familiar with. She dresses in exactly the same way and has the same hair and all, just has a different bodily frame. This time it's not Mike Meyers playing her, we want a woman doing it and there'd have to be too much CGI to change him up. Austina is just as horny and goes around flirting with and harassing men, but Austin has to explain to her that it's now 2025, he half-jokingly refers to himself as 'woke' with finger quotes, and that consent is what is sexy now.

Austin's role is the well-meaning and personable boomer who tries their best to be an ally but doesn't fully understand all the nuances and so flubs up from time to time, so the jokes are centered around his clumsy attempts at allyship (which are not ham-fistedly scolded, we're trying to teach the audience that it's okay to mess up if you're genuine in trying to improve) and horniness in the context of consensual relationships (one of them becomes part of a thruple). Austina is parodying Austin's style from earlier movies and is a reflection on Austin's growth as a person as he no longer acts this way, and how that behavior harms/harmed everyone around him (the men Austina flirts with are shown to be visibly uncomfortable) but Austina is also her own person and not just a mirror for the male lead, so she's still the main character of the movie, gets her own moment of character development and backstory, and isn't just a 'sad relic' type character, but comes to embrace everything Austin has learned as well.

Near the end of the movie after whatever villain or plot has been dealt with, the two Austin's look at each other and start recognizing that they're both attracted to each other, so they start to flirt and ask "Do I make you horny baby?" and slyly saying "I consent", "I also consent" and giggling until they're interrupted by a portal opening behind them. Austina says they'll have to postpone and she has to go back to her own dimension, because she has family waiting for her. Austin asks if she also has a Dr. Evil, expecting her to be a woman, and she says yes he's her twin brother who invented the dimension traveling technology. Through the portal you see the same bald male Dr. Evil waving her through and Austin just kind of goes "huh.. not what I was expecting". She hops back through the portal and everything is wrapped up.

We can sprinkle some call back gags to earlier movies throughout. ofc we gotta have a shadow scene but this time it's implied that the ridiculous things they saw in the shadows were real, not a misunderstanding. Austina can have a pump device of her own and has to tell Austin to use his imagination as how she makes use of it. We can take some cues from The Naked Gun on how to call back to a really old property in a genre that isn't really done anymore (gadget spy movies).

Potential? Problematic? I cooked this up in my mind palace while on a walk earlier today and my wheels just won't stop spinning.

EDIT: I totally forgot that Scott Evil was set up as being the main villain of a sequel. Maybe he has something to do with the villain coming to the main universe.

[–] InevitableSwing@hexbear.net 5 points 16 hours ago

I'm watching an Apple TV+ series. The episode ended and by chance I paused at just the right time - a few seconds after the end credits started. Under "Co-Producer" I saw the name of a guy I played poker with in college. We were never friends just acquaintances but it was really funny for me to see his name. He's notable enough to have a Wikipedia page but there are no details about show business.

I wonder if his success in Hollywood is a nepo baby thing or he managed to get to that point himself or both. I want to say which series but I've been very lazy with op-sec so I won't.

---

Ninja edit

I googled him about Gaza. I found an incredibly stupid pro-Israel tweet. Sigh.

Ninja-ninja edit

I just saw that very happily he had misfortune in his life and he wrote about that in a major publication. Popcorn time. I'm about to read it. And read it with glee!

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 8 points 18 hours ago (3 children)

Nothing beats the Uruk-Hai. Saruman did a great job with what he had

[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 8 points 18 hours ago

Did Uglúk write this post?

[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 7 points 18 hours ago* (last edited 18 hours ago) (2 children)

Amon Hen: lost the ring

Helms deep: BTFO'd

what did the ever win? the infight against Grishnakh and the Mordor orcs?(then got immediately smashed by RoR)

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 3 points 15 hours ago

And some got beat up by trees

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 14 points 21 hours ago (1 children)

Before you stand 2 women born after 1993. One only eat hot chip and lie. The other only eats cold chip and tells the truth. Choose wisely.

[–] NephewAlphaBravo@hexbear.net 11 points 21 hours ago

"if i gave the other woman hot chip, would she eat it?"

[–] Carl@hexbear.net 5 points 17 hours ago

Got assigned a contract appt at 4pm today, no biggie, only problem is the job requires me to phone in the support desk before I leave the site and the support desk closes at four pm so why the shit did they schedule it this late

if I was getting paid hourly I would stay checked in and camp out on the site. It's sixteen hours until their support team is back at work and I'm all about that overtime.

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 8 points 19 hours ago (1 children)

If you get tired of rice and beans try beans and rice

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[–] wombat@hexbear.net 7 points 19 hours ago

it is november 15 and stalin saved the world from fascism

[–] Veggie_Deluxe@hexbear.net 9 points 20 hours ago

You know, i just realized you could call Zionists Hebrew Nationals

[–] wombat@hexbear.net 4 points 17 hours ago

it is november 15 and stalin saved the world from fascism

[–] KuroXppi@hexbear.net 8 points 20 hours ago

mosquito bite on my tummy doggirl-tears

[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 7 points 21 hours ago

Big ol haul from my 4 finger discount possum-party

[–] MF_COOM@hexbear.net 12 points 1 day ago

Steely Dan is black music for white people no I will not elaborate

[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 4 points 19 hours ago

only a fool would give me anything less than unconditional devotion

[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 4 points 19 hours ago

Watching the hunger games, this movie is spiritually a Kojima game.

got sick on the last day of vacation :( i wanted to end it with a big night out on the town but now i just gonna go to bed early and hope i feel less shitty tomorrow oooaaaaaaauhhh

[–] KnilAdlez@hexbear.net 8 points 23 hours ago* (last edited 23 hours ago)

I need help with these lyrics for a song, this is what I have so far:

We are dirt, two bit, cut rate

But it's like white house residence

when you give me head of state

we both feel like presidents

[–] mar_k@hexbear.net 10 points 1 day ago (3 children)
[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 4 points 21 hours ago

Holy shit I'd never heard him call AOC 'Evita' that's amazing i-cant

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 7 points 23 hours ago
[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 11 points 1 day ago

Jack Gleeson is so good in game of thrones. Unbelievable people were such shits to him that he quit acting for almost a decade after.

[–] PowerLurker@hexbear.net 12 points 1 day ago

any1 got a hit of that Revolutionary Optimism?? tryna re-up doomer

[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 8 points 1 day ago

Trump will try to claim he only became a pedophile to get closer to Bill Clinton. He will finally lose support from Republicans because being gay is worse than being a pedophile to them.

lathe-of-heaven

[–] SuperZutsuki@hexbear.net 7 points 1 day ago* (last edited 19 hours ago)

Tony Tony Chopped Unc

point-and-laugh-1point-and-laugh-2
mystery-emote mystery-emote chopper-cry

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