3DPrinting

Also tinkercad. It's basic but honestly it works for most stuff I make for things around the house.

Fusion 360 is free for non commercial use.

FreeCAD: Pros: free, open source. Cons: workflow as rough as sandpaper, constantly crashes.

It has a learning curve (like all software), yes. But I cannot confirm the crashes.

I've been using freecad with great success for years now and I'd say while I agree freecad is rough in terms of ux, it is highly usable, especially after 1.0 version. I feel like investing time in overcoming its flaws and weaknesses will pay off in the future, as it will enable access to a stable, eternally free and reliable software. Though I also agree it crashes frequently, I set a very frequent auto save and I don't often get screwed now.

You missed OpenSCAD but that might've been intentional if you're looking for something with low barrier to entry and a purely "visual" workflow. It's the diametric opposite of Blender, basically. Surprisingly non-comprehensive with very limited options of primitives to work with, but laser-focused on building precise, constrained, parametric models out of said primitives. The downside is that you have to code it. Like, in actual code. For the artistically-minded designer, it's probably not the right tool. But for people with the appropriate mental model and skillset, it's an extremely effective tool, and infinitely extensible. If you need to do something particularly complex, chances are someone's already written the functions and libraries to do it, and if you need to know how to do it too, you can just look at their code. Assuming you can read it.

The actual coding language itself is a bit janky and for me, counterintuitive and unpleasant in some ways. It certainly wouldn't be my first choice, but it's workable, and the elegance of the overall idea makes up for it. It's worth the extra investment in learning, and I can't go back to wrestling with what I find are clunky visual workflows anymore. I crave the hard numerical precision of actually and accurately defining the shapes I'm working with.

Solidworks is probably the Cisco of cad software, and a license for casual home use is only 48/year

There's an entry missing in your list, which many people seem to not know about: Siemens Solid Edge

Like fusion, is free for personal/hobby use. But it's not "cloud based". Also unlike fusion, they aren't constantly scaling back what you can do with the free edition. Probably worth a shot.

My solution to the same issue was OpenSCAD. But it might not be for the faint of heart. For me, this is a godsend, working 100% in my mindspace.

I've been using progeCAD for the last few years and its basically a clone of AutoCAD for a fraction of the price and you own it unlike autodesk's model they've had since like 2017 or something.

Blender has an add on project called cad sketches in development. It's free to use and is donation supported just like Blender is. I haven't used it myself but it wouldn't hurt looking into it.

https://www.cadsketcher.com/

I'm pretty happy with blender. There is also a plugin that makes it more like cad https://www.cadsketcher.com/

Try freecad as a flatpak maybe ? Doesn't crash for me unless I do something stupid with fillets. It's harder, tougher to use than paid options but you own what you make at the end.

Depending on your system I think, I have been using Sketchup 2017 (whatever the last free version was they released) for years to make 3D models for all kinds of purposes, incl 3D printing. For my brain it has proven to be the most intuitive tool to learn, it’s been a really long time so maybe I have forgotten but I feel like the barrier to entry was pretty small. There is a lot of content out there from people giving tips and tutorials. There are plug-ins still flooding around that have really good functionality. I use it with a Connexion 3D Space Navigator mouse that’s prob 10+ years old. That’s been a godsend and adds so much efficiency and flow to the tool.

I don’t know if you can still download it from Trimble but there are sources for it elsewhere.

Have fun, whatever you choose.

I use a free version of sketchup make from 2008. You can still find it out there on the internet for download.

Blender has addons for parametric workflows. Actually, there's plugins to do anything you want.

Sadly, the CAD software I have the most experience with is SolidWorks. It has its quirks, but I like it and I know my way around.
Which is too bad, because it's completely absolutely fucking stupidly expensive for any home use.

Not to mention I've heard stories of people getting caugth through exported models' metadata and getting sued for publishing models made with pirated or student versions or whatnot.
I'm not even a business and whilr I have no moral qualms pirating software, I don't exactly wanna deal with an actively hostile company either.

I've switched to onshape for now, but I know enshittification will eventually butcher it too.
There's a few others I've tried that I either can't get good at, or that simply lack functionality.

I've been meaning to try Alibre CAD, but last I checked, their trial thing required back and forth with a rep and I just never bothered.

I don't even mind paying, yet not $5k yearly or some shit.
If you ever find something, ping me.

I really don't understand why people have so much trouble with FreeCAD. It does everything the other software does, it just crashes on occasion.

Alibre is the only perpetual affordable license CAD software I’m aware of unless you want to use student/hobbyist versions of other software.

I saw a bit ago that blended has an addon or plugin or something that adds parametric functions

I think I got the impression it's less powerful that proper parametric cad or something, but I figured I'd mention it in case that makes it a more viable option for you!

I've been using Solid Edge. Siemens offers a free community edition that works great if you want to create models for 3d printing. I originally used FreeCAD, and while it works, had problems with models breaking when trying to make changes. Solid Edge is much more professional, easy to use, with pretty much all the features available that you could want. The only drawback for me is that it only runs on Windows. Tried going back to FreeCAD since it has the new 1.0 release and will run on Linux, but it felt too awkward. Now I have a dual boot system with Windows solely to run CAD software.