this post was submitted on 15 Aug 2025
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The University of Rhode Island's AI lab estimates that GPT-5 averages just over 18 Wh per query, so putting all of ChatGPT's reported 2.5 billion requests a day through the model could see energy usage as high as 45 GWh.

A daily energy use of 45 GWh is enormous. A typical modern nuclear power plant produces between 1 and 1.6 GW of electricity per reactor per hour, so data centers running OpenAI's GPT-5 at 18 Wh per query could require the power equivalent of two to three nuclear power reactors, an amount that could be enough to power a small country.

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[–] A_norny_mousse@feddit.org 138 points 2 weeks ago (7 children)

I don't care how rough the estimate is, LLMs are using insane amounts of power, and the message I'm getting here is that the newest incarnation uses even more.

BTW a lot of it seems to be just inefficient coding as Deepseek has shown.

[–] ThePowerOfGeek@lemmy.world 50 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

BTW a lot of it seems to be just inefficient coding as Deepseek has shown.

Kind of? Inefficient coding is definitely a part of it. But a large part is also just the iterative nature of how these algorithms operate. We might be able to improve that via code optimization a little bit. But without radically changing how these engines operates it won't make a big difference.

The scope of the data being used and trained on is probably a bigger issue. Which is why there's been a push by some to move from LLMs to SLMs. We don't need the model to be cluttered with information on geology, ancient history, cooking, software development, sports trivia, etc if it's only going to be used for looking up stuff on music and musicians.

But either way, there's a big 'diminishing returns' factor to this right now that isn't being appreciated. Typical human nature: give me that tiny boost in performance regardless of the cost, because I don't have to deal with. It's the same short-sighted shit that got us into this looming environmental crisis.

[–] kescusay@lemmy.world 17 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

Coordinated SLM governors that can redirect queries to the appropriate SLM seems like a good solution.

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[–] kautau@lemmy.world 24 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

And water usage which will also increase as fires increase and people have trouble getting access to clean water

https://techhq.com/news/ai-water-footprint-suggests-that-large-language-models-are-thirsty/

[–] FauxLiving@lemmy.world 14 points 2 weeks ago (5 children)

It would only take one regulation to fix that:

Datacenters that use liquid cooling must use closed loop systems.

The reason they dont, and why they setup in the desert, is because water is incredibly cheap and energy to cool a closed loop system is expensive. So they use evaporative open loop systems.

[–] kautau@lemmy.world 9 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Unfortunately I wonder if it’s more expensive to set up a closed loop system that’s really expensive or to buy lawmakers that will vote against bills saying you should do so and it’s a tale old as time

[–] FauxLiving@lemmy.world 11 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)
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[–] TheGrandNagus@lemmy.world 115 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (9 children)

I have an extreme dislike for OpenAI, Altman, and people like him, but the reasoning behind this article is just stuff some guy has pulled from his backside. There's no facts here, it's just "I believe XYX" with nothing to back it up.

We don't need to make up nonsense about the LLM bubble. There's plenty of valid enough criticisms as is.

By circulating a dumb figure like this, all you're doing is granting OpenAI the power to come out and say "actually, it only uses X amount of power. We're so great!", where X is a figure that on its own would seem bad, but compared to this inflated figure sounds great. Don't hand these shitty companies a marketing win.

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[–] yesman@lemmy.world 43 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

I think AI power usage has an upside. No amount of hype can pay the light bill.

AI is either going to be the most valuable tech in history, or it's going to be a giant pile of ash that used to be VC capital.

[–] themurphy@lemmy.ml 18 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

It will not go away at this point. Too many daily users already, who uses it for study, work, chatting, looking things up.

If not OpenAI, it will be another service.

[–] krashmo@lemmy.world 20 points 2 weeks ago (4 children)

Those same things were said about hundreds of other technologies that no longer exist in any meaningful sense. Current usage of a technology, which in this specific case I would argue is largely frivolous anyway, is not an accurate indicator of future usage.

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[–] queermunist@lemmy.ml 8 points 2 weeks ago (4 children)

Those users are not paying a sustainable price, they're using chatbots because they're kept artificially cheap to increase use rates.

Force them to pay enough to make these bots profitable and I guarantee they'll stop.

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[–] eager_eagle@lemmy.world 34 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

Bit of a clickbait. We can't really say it without more info.

But it's important to point out that the lab's test methodology is far from ideal.

The team measured GPT-5’s power consumption by combining two key factors: how long the model took to respond to a given request, and the estimated average power draw of the hardware running it.

What we do know is that the price went down. So this could be a strong indication the model is, in fact, more energy efficient. At least a stronger indicator than response time.

[–] morrowind@lemmy.ml 9 points 2 weeks ago

That's a terrible metric. By this providers that maximize hardware (and energy) use by having a queue of requests would be seen as having more energy use.

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[–] sp3ctr4l@lemmy.dbzer0.com 27 points 2 weeks ago

Fucking Doc Brown could power a goddamn time machine with this many jiggawatts, fuck I hate being stuck in this timeline.

[–] skisnow@lemmy.ca 24 points 1 week ago (3 children)

There's such a huge gap between what I read about GPT-5 online, versus the overwhelmingly disappointing results I get from it for both coding and general questions.

I'm beginning to think we're in the end stages of Dead Internet, where basically nothing you see online has any connection to reality.

[–] CheeseNoodle@lemmy.world 8 points 1 week ago

People who fawn over generative AI haven't tried to use it for more than 5 seconds. I wish it could run a ttrpg game for me or even just remember the details of its original prompt but its not even close.

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[–] Deflated0ne@lemmy.world 23 points 2 weeks ago (5 children)

And an LLM that you could run local on a flash drive will do most of what it can do.

[–] EncryptKeeper@lemmy.world 10 points 1 week ago (6 children)

I mean no not at all, but local LLMs are a less energy reckless way to use AI

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[–] ckmnstr@lemmy.world 6 points 2 weeks ago

Probably not a flash drive but you can get decent mileage out of 7b models that run on any old laptop for tasks like text generation, shortening or summarizing.

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[–] jsomae@lemmy.ml 17 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (5 children)

For reference, this is roughly equivalent to playing a PS5 game for 4 minutes (based on their estimate) to 10 minutes (their upper bound)

calulationsource https://www.ecoenergygeek.com/ps5-power-consumption/

Typical PS5 usage: 200 W

TV: 27 W - 134 W → call it 60 W

URI's estimate: 18 Wh / 260 W → 4 minutes

URI's upper bound: 48 Wh / 260 W →10 minutes

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[–] kescusay@lemmy.world 15 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

How the hell are they going to sustain the expense to power that? Setting aside the environmental catastrophe that this kind of "AI" entails, they're just not very profitable.

[–] gdog05@lemmy.world 13 points 2 weeks ago

Look at all the layoffs they've been able to implement with the mere threat that AI has taken their jobs. It's very profitable, just not in a sustainable way. But sustainability isn't the goal. Feudal state mindset in the populace is.

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[–] brucethemoose@lemmy.world 15 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

I don’t buy the research paper at all. Of course we have no idea what OpenAI does because they aren’t open at all, but Deepseek's publish papers suggest it’s much more complex than 1 model per node… I think they recommended like a 576 GPU cluster, with a scheme to split experts.

That, and going by the really small active parameter count of gpt-oss, I bet the model is sparse as heck.

There’s no way the effective batch size is 8, it has to be waaay higher than that.

[–] FaceDeer@fedia.io 8 points 2 weeks ago (7 children)

And perhaps even more importantly, the per-token cost of GPT-5's API is less than GPT-4's. That's why OpenAI was so eager to move everyone onto it, it means more profit for them.

[–] Jason2357@lemmy.ca 9 points 2 weeks ago (11 children)

I don’t believe api costs are tied all that closely to the actual cost to openAI. They seem to be selling at a loss, and they may be selling at an even greater loss to make it look like they are progressing. The second openAI seems like they have plateaued, their stock evaluation will crash and it will be game over for them.

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[–] Boxscape@lemmy.sdf.org 13 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)
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[–] nightwatch_admin@feddit.nl 10 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Of course there are comments doubting the accuracy, which by itself is valid, but they are merely doing it to defend AI. IMHO, even at a fifth of the estimates, we’re talking humongous amounts of power, all for a so-so search engine, half arsed chatbots and dubious nsfw images mostly. And let’s not forget: it may be inaccurate and estimates are TOO LOW. Now wouldn’t that be fun?

[–] simple@piefed.social 7 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

but they are merely doing it to defend AI.

No they're not, you can agree the research is garbage without defending AI. It literally assumes everything. GPT5 could be using eight times the power. It could be using half the power. It could be using a quadrillion times the power. Nobody knows, because they keep it secret.

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[–] AgentOrangesicle@lemmy.world 10 points 1 week ago (2 children)

Isn't this the back plot of the game, Rain World? With the slug cats and the depressed robots stuck on a decaying world when the sapient, organic species all left?

[–] Patches@ttrpg.network 14 points 1 week ago

Spoilers dude.

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[–] Blackmist@feddit.uk 8 points 2 weeks ago

That's alright. When they've got a generation of people who can't even hold a conversation without it, let alone do a job, that price increase will drop that energy use pretty rapidly.

[–] DarkCloud@lemmy.world 8 points 2 weeks ago

This bubble needs to pop, the sooner the better.

[–] vegeta@lemmy.world 8 points 2 weeks ago
[–] Dasus@lemmy.world 7 points 2 weeks ago (9 children)

that's a lot. remember to add "-noai" to your google searches.

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[–] Valmond@lemmy.world 7 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

40Wh or 18Wh which is it?

That's my old gaming PC running a game for 2min42sec-6minutes ... Roughly.

[–] TropicalDingdong@lemmy.world 16 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)
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[–] antihumanitarian@lemmy.world 7 points 1 week ago

The last 6 to 12 months of open models has pretty clearly shown you can substantially better results with the same model size or the same results with smaller model size. Eg Llama 3. 1 405B being basically equal to Llama 3.3 70B or R1-0528 being substantially better than R1. The little information available about GPT 5 suggests it uses mixture of experts and dynamic routing to different models, both of which can reduce computation cost dramatically. Additionally, simplifying the model catalogue from 9ish(?) to 3, when combined with their enormous traffic, will mean higher utilization of batch runs. Fuller batches run more efficiently on a per query basis.

Basically they can't know for sure.

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