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articleAt the age of 14, Caelan started working part-time in a chip shop in Aberdeen.

He thinks getting a job at such a young age made him more responsible and confident.

"When I joined I was very shy," he says. "But now I can speak to people easily."

The laws governing when and where children under 16 can work were introduced in the 1930s to crack down on child labour and safeguard their wellbeing.

Children over 14 could be employed in 'light work' but many Scottish council areas require employers to also apply for a permit to take on a child.

Now, plans to change the law could make it easier for under-16s to work part-time.

The Children's Wellbeing and Schools Bill is currently making its way through the House of Lords with Royal Assent expected in the coming months.

The Scottish Parliament has given legislative consent for the provisions on child employment.

If passed, it would allow teenagers under 16 more flexibility on when they can work.

Caelan is positive about the benefits he gets from being a young worker.

Within a year of getting his job serving fish suppers at the Ashvale in Aberdeen, he says he was able to treat his mum to a holiday in Dubai.

His co-workers Kenzie and Erin both joined the takeaway and restaurant aged 15 and say they have had a similar experience.

Working around school hours gave Kenzie, now 18, the opportunity to save up for a car.

Erin said that although she was "really nervous" when she joined, she now doesn't "get scared talking to new people" because of her experience dealing with customers.

The new bill looks at all aspects of child protection and safeguarding as well as rules on school attendance.

The section on employment will give young people more opportunity to take on work.

Plans include lifting the two-hour working limit on a Sunday, and allowing work for up to one hour before school and until 20:00 - extending the current limit from 19:00.

Although there is more flexibility on when children can work, the maximum number of hours will remain the same – up to 12 hours on a school week.

The new law will update the rules, which were further complicated by dated local bylaws.

These vary across the UK, with some older than others.

In Dundee, the bylaws from 1973 prohibit working in a 'coal yard' or 'collecting rags'.

In some areas such as Angus and Edinburgh, children as young as 10 can still be employed on an occasional basis in light agricultural or horticultural work under parental supervision.

Others, including Falkirk, had no requirement for permits.

BBC Scotland also found a variation in the number of child employment permits granted by councils.

Freedom of Information responses showed none were issued in 2025 by Clackmannanshire or Inverclyde Councils – while Aberdeen City Council had issued 98.

Most local authority bylaws allow 13-year-olds to be employed in specified types of light work, which could continue.

Dawn Robertson is an employment law specialist at BTO Solicitors in Glasgow. She stressed the importance of safeguarding.

"Children should not be employed in any work that could be harmful to them," she said.

"I think the most important thing from my perspective is just that the law is not changing on that.

"Children still need to be treated as children, and we have to be very thoughtful and careful about what we do allow them to do in the workplace."

Dawn said varying council bylaws have make it more difficult for employers to keep track of the law.

"Hopefully after the bill is passed, we'll be in a position where it'll actually be a lot easier to give advice across the country to employers about this type of thing," she said.

"I think that employers generally comply with the rules, as far as they're aware of them.

"It sounds to me like a very positive approach and a positive development to the employment of children."

Children under school leaving age are not entitled to the National Minimum Wage, paid holidays or to sick pay. This wouldn't change.

Stuart Devine is the owner of The Ashvale.

He has employed "hundreds, if not thousands" of children across a 40-year period – and started at the business aged just 15 himself.

He welcomes a potential tweak to the rules.

"It needs looking at because times have moved on," he said.

"I think it's important from a business point of view, because obviously there are jobs that young people can fill the gaps. They actually come in generations of families.

"They're now schoolteachers, nurses, doctors, engineers offshore. I think the employment part has played a vital part in getting them to the next stage."

A few miles along the road, 15-year-old Harry is starting his evening paper round.

He delivers a few papers before school, more after school – and also works part-time in a chip shop at the weekend.

He says he has no idea what the rules are around when children can and can't work.

For him, it's about impressing future universities and employers.

"I think it looks good on CVs and stuff like that and when you're older and you need to get a proper job," he told BBC Scotland News.

"In the future, I want to be either a lawyer or work in the stock market."

Harry would encourage other young people to find work if they can.

"I think if you put yourself out there and you go and constantly speak to any employer at 14, if they're hiring other 14-year-olds, I think you've got a pretty good shot at getting a job there if you're confident."

Nicola Killean, Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland, was mostly positive about the changes.

She said older children could gain valuable experience, develop their skills, knowledge and sense of independence through employment.

She added: "While we support a change to the law that offers children greater flexibility in employment, we are clear that they must continue to have their rights protected.

"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which is incorporated into Scots law, emphasises that children must be protected from being exploited and from doing work that is dangerous or could harm their development.

"The UNCRC is also clear that work must not interfere with children's learning while they are still in education."

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[–] lilypad@hexbear.net 15 points 4 days ago

Thats funny, working in a kitchen at 17 made me despise my fellow human beings.

[–] ComradeRat@hexbear.net 19 points 4 days ago (1 children)

Marx agrees!

A general prohibition of child labor is incompatible with the existence of large-scale industry and hence an empty, pious wish. Its realization -- if it were possible -- would be reactionary, since, with a strict regulation of the working time according to the different age groups and other safety measures for the protection of children, an early combination of productive labor with education is one of the most potent means for the transformation of present-day society.

BBC Monarcho-Socialism works, trust the plan!

[–] invalidusernamelol@hexbear.net 2 points 3 days ago (1 children)

Advocating for trade schooling is a bit different than advocating for cheap child labor.

[–] ComradeRat@hexbear.net 1 points 3 days ago

Where in the article is the child labour cheapened? I see no reference to paying youths less (as is the case where I live)?

Should also be noted that Marx isnt advocating trade schooling, he is advocating lowered working time in the factory (or farm, mcdonalds, etc) to enable youth to do actual (not merely educational) work as well as study:

As meager as the education clauses in the Factory Acts generally seem, they did make elementary schooling into a condition of child labor. Their success showed for the first time that it is possible to combine education and gymnastics with manual labor, and thus that is possible to combine manual labor with education and gymnastics. The factory inspectors soon learned (while interviewing schoolmasters) that even though the factory children spent half as much time in the classroom as the regular students, they were learning just as much—often even more. “This can be accounted for by the simple fact that, with only being at school for one half the day, they are always fresh, and nearly always ready and willing to receive instruction. The system on which they work, half manual labour and half school, renders each employment a rest and a relief to the other; and consequently, both are far more congenial to the child, than would be the case were he kept constantly at one. It is quite clear that, a boy who has been at school all morning cannot (in hot weather particularly), cope with one who comes fresh and bright from his work.” We find further supporting evidence in Senior’s 1863 speech at the Social Science Congress in Edinburgh. Among other things, he demonstrates here that the monotonous, unproductive, overlong school day of children in the middle and more advanced classes adds to the teacher’s workload for no good reason: “We are employing labour on the part of our masters, and time, health, and energy on the part of our children, not only fruitlessly, but absolutely mischievously.” From the factory system, as Robert Owen shows in detail, sprouts the bud of the education of the future. Productive labor will be combined with education and gymnastics for all children over a certain age, not only because this is a way to increase social production, but also because it is the only way to produce fully developed human beings.

How does marx see this changing under a dictatorship of the proletariat?

The polytechnic and agronomical schools that arose spontaneously on the foundation of large-scale industry were one moment in this process of transformation. Another was the “ecole d’enseignement professionnel,” where workers’ children have received some instruction in technology and also learned how to use different instruments of production. If the Factory Act, that minimal first concession extracted from capital, managed only to combine elementary education with factory labor, there can be no doubt that when the working class seizes political power, as it inevitably will, technological instruction of both the practical and theoretical kind will win a place in workers’ schools.

Note the lack of mention of the abolition of child labour outside the schools. The workers schools will simply expand the topics they teach; they will not take over the childrens' education fulltime

[–] hellinkilla@hexbear.net 13 points 4 days ago

Interesting because the human interest angle of maturing from shy to confident could very well be true. It's a situation where you have to put your phone away for a few hours and interact with people in a structured way. Over and over again until it starts to feel normal. Think without asking chat gpt.

If that could be done in a way that wasn't dripping with villainy from top to bottom it would probably be a legitimate benefit.