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In Mexican Spanish, you would default to formal 'you' in most public interactions (although not all people do this). You would also use formal language when talking to a teacher or an authority.
Note that the informal and formal 'you' in plural are the same.
Fun fact: formal language in Spanish is more than just formal 'you'.
E.g., if you're working at a fancy shop and wanted to ask a customer "how may I help you?", you would say "¿en qué le puedo ayudar?" (formal) instead of "¿en qué te puedo ayudar?" (informal). This question does not have 'you' in Spanish.
Formal and informal is not the same in plural.
"Ustedes" is formal, "vosotros" is informal. Although Mexicans (and many other south Americans) don't use the informal version, it doesn't mean that it doesn't exist.
Some countries also say "vos" for singular. I don't know if that replaces "tú" or "usted" though.
Isn't te/le technically a conjugation of you though? You also have to conjugate the verb but at least the difference is just an 's' that you can aspirate enough that it's not clear if you're going for tu or usted.
Perhaps you are right. Unfortunately I've forgotten lots of the linguistics of Spanish :(