Linux

Linux: no, but not necessarily plug-and-play. My daily-driver install is literally pre-configured on a VM and cloned to all of my machines with various motherboards. Nvidia complications aside, a default Linux install will contain nearly every driver you could ever need to get up and running. However, some motherboards do need you to chroot from a live environment and make it "aware" of the existing GRUB bootloader.

Windows: At best, you'll need to reactivate. More often, it'll be missing a driver or just not work as well as it did on the old motherboard. It's better to reinstall Windows.

Will admit that I'm very biased against reinstalling Linux anew except as a last resort since it's a painstaking days-long process to configure things just right for my picky tastes.

You should always reinstall when switching motherboard. There's so many drivers that could possible make a problem. Unless you switch between 2 totally identical motherboards... Then give that a go...

It might but I wouldn’t. Every weird problem in the future is gonna make you wonder if it’s because of that. Now what I would do is get another hard drive, install to it, and copy things over. But basically leave the original one alone. My 2¢

Depending on how grub was installed, you might need to boot a live environment just to tell your new mobo about it. You can skip chrooting if your live media has efibootmgr and you can figure out how to use it, but if that fails you can always chroot and install grub fresh.

Also, it might just work.

As others have said, no for the Linux partition; it's the same arch, socket type, etc. CachyOS's kernel probably contains everything you need.

For the Windows partition you might have problems though. Iirc Windows connects licences to motherboards, to prevent disk cloning to circumvent buying licences, so Windows may think you've cloned your drive to pirate Windows. I've never tried secure boot but I know W11 requires TPM too so if you've got secure boot you should look into how to switch to a new motherboard on Windows.

probably not, I move SSDs between computers all the time and linux always just works

very different story for windows installations though 🤮

Most distributions, no.

Gentoo, yes.

I moved my Fedora SSD from an Intel 8th gen laptop to an AMD Zen4 laptop with 0 issue and 0 config. So.... you're probably fine.

Drivers in kernel, so it should generally work. Except if you have hw-specific configs around, but that's something that you did then.

In general it shouldn't. You might need to install some new drivers for the new chipset but in itself the system should work. Especially since nowadays kernels are shipped with a lot of stuff and I'm guessing you're not compiling yours
Regarding messing up with live environment, I don't remember if GPT is enough for UEFI to load your bootloader or maybe you might need to install something in there

Highly unlikely. These days, disk space is so cheap that all manner of drivers are provided whether you need them or not. Worst case, you should still be able to boot recovery mode or chroot, as you mentioned.

Just make sure that the disk and boot configuration is the same (uefi, sata, secure boot), else both Windows and Linux may have issues finding their boot files.

Reinstall shouldn't be required but you'll likely need to build a new initrd to ensure the boot process has the right drivers.

Great advice in the comments already, I'll just recommend that you familiarise yourself with the rescue boot of a live disc of your distro.

If things go weird with thr move you can boot the live in rescue mode, mount your disks and fix fstab, or even redo the initrd . Don't wait until you need it

Honestly, probably no. You're switching to something with the same CPU generation and micro architecture, and the boards are by the same manufacturer with the same mobo chipset generation (both 5xx). It should be plug and play.

The only major change I can see the old CPU has an iGPU, while the new one doesn't, meaning that you won't be able to use the video port built into your motherboard, only the ports on your GPU. I'm guessing you probably weren't using that HDMI port in the first place, so it's probably non-issue.

EDIT: There is a small chance you'll have to change your fstab depending on how it's configured; if it's done by drive UUID, it won't be a problem.