I think you might have made a typo in the title because wouldn't 1 barrel of oil produce 1 barrel of oil since they're the same thing, or do you mean gasoline?

I'm coming late to the party but hope I can still help. As someone already noted in this thread, the relevant metric is the EROI, the Energy Return On Investment. It is the ratio of the amount of usable energy that can be extracted from a particular energy source over the amount of energy required to extract, process, and distribute that energy source.

Naturally, a high EROI value indicates a high energy-efficient method, while a low value suggests that more energy is being invested in the energy-production process than what is gained from the produced energy.

The Journal of Petroleum Technology wrote in an article this year:

The EROI values are presented as unitless ratios. For example, hydroelectric power and nuclear power have one of the highest EROIs, with estimates ranging from 30 to 100. EROI estimates for wind power range from 18 to 50.

Solar and biomass energy have low EROIs, with estimates ranging from 2.5 to 10 depending on the specific technology and location. The EROI for oil is estimated to be between 4 and 30, depending on the specific location and type of oil. Natural gas has a higher EROI than oil, with estimates ranging from 20 to 40.

Higher EROI value indicates a more energy-efficient method, while lower value suggests that more energy is being invested in the energy-production process than is ultimately gained from the produced energy.

One study from 2015 says:

We find that the maximum EROI of global oil and gas productions have respectively reached the values of 73:1 in 1931 and 200:1 in 1945, which is in line with previous studies that had hypothesized such results.

It's a more complex issue than it may seem at first sight, imho, as we may include other metrixs into our analyses. For exampke, if we don't account for costs (and other factors) of nuclear waste storage and disposal, the EROI might be strongly misleading. As always, I would opt for a dashboard of metrics.