Chapotraphouse

There's two kinds of fascists.

There are the people who become fascist because capitalism and imperialism and colonialism are in their material interests. These people need to defend the empire from decay, and they range from educated to very educated. They know exactly what they support because it benefits them, materially. They're petite bourgeois, they're settlers, etc. I think we can assign some determinism here, their beliefs are just a product of their social class and material conditions. Education can only help so much here.

Then there are the people who become fascists because they have false consciousness, and these people range from poorly educated to miseducated. They have no idea what they support, they don't understand their own material interests, and they simply fell into these beliefs because of social conditioning from the first group of fascists. In some cases, the material conditions themselves will force them to rise above their social conditioning because they'll educate themselves, but usually someone else needs to step in and educate them. They really do benefit from education, though, because they just need to be informed.

I don't know if culpability is ever actually useful to discuss in either of those cases. It doesn't really change what we have to do.