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Redefined and popularised is perhaps fairer to say than invented.
Story structure can be found in classical literature, setting can be found through European mythology.
Tolkien codified all the ingredients into a specific mix and brought the world to life, he didn't invent the those ingredients
I should have said "modern fantasy genre". It didn't really exist before Tolkien. Closest is probably Robert E. Howard (1925-1936) who is roughly contemporaneous with Tolkien (the Hobbit was published in 1937, though it had been completed in 1932).