spoiler
If you’re up for podcasts my starting point for Buddhism was revolutionary left radio’s episodes on the overlap.
I’ve read a ton on it now, but honestly I haven’t found a better introduction for non-self/anatta, one of the three marks of existence than Daniel Ingram’s Mastering the Core Teachings of the Buddha. While other parts have helped me experientially understand it more, there are none more essential than this chapter. A 600 page book is a hard sell, but if you like the taste it’s incredible. If you have a solid grasp of dialectical materialism the parallels are obvious and if not I gotta recommend the dialectics deep dive series as well as books Anti-Duhring and the Dialectical Biologist. You may note in the linked passage Ingram explicitly establishes non-materialist philosophical assumptions. That is a pragmatic choice in service of the goal of internal insight and relief from suffering. As Lenin admits in Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, we Marxists make certain materialist assumptions that can not be founded rationally or empirically but are functional in our quest to change the world and relieve external suffering.
I started with the Ego Tunnel and got bored, but it establishes parallels between science and the doctrine of no-self as well.
Tell me if you have any more specific questions because I found the initial one a little vague.
I agree. I brought up no self because multiple people in this thread suggested that it could only be “them” if they had the same memories and picked up right where they left off. I find this implausible despite my agnosticism on the question of rebirth. More likely would be the same life lived exactly again from birth like “eternal recurrence” or the widespread idea of samsara where you will simply experience more lives without the memory of past ones (except possibly accessible through meditation).
The idea that it could only be “them” if they pick up where they left off implies that there is a self or soul that continues from their past through their current circumstances. Buddhists have ideas about general consciousness as well mind you.
If you are constantly losing this body and mind then maybe those aren’t necessary for continued consciousness. Buddhism posits consciousness like a flame passed from one candle to the next. Each moment contains no essence from the last and yet it is experienced consciously. It’s not all about seeing through identification (though that is what allows that flame to finally cease), non-self also means that everything else is empty. The concept of essences is just [useful] bullshit. Things still exist colloquially, this is just how things have always been if you paid enough attention.
Thus, I argue that everyone who is willing to consider this question should consider the theory of samsara rather than limiting their thinking with certain fallacious dogmas.