The immense amount of smoke right in the face is almost as bad as the flash and bang itself.

It's a bit annoying with a regular versions, but with it right there in your face, the irritation to the eyes and nose are prohibitive. And of they make the mistake of breathing, they'd be looking at a minutes long coughing jag.

With them already being underground with poor ventilation, that's a nightmare. If you're out shooting muzzle loaders with friends, and there's no breeze, you can end up with a fairly dense cloud after just a handful of shots. Makes the next round harder to place on target, if nothing else.

But, yeah, there's no technological barrier to hearing protection, so that issue is easy to fix. It's the flash and the smoke. The idea of a partial barrier would reduce the flash to the eyes, but not eliminate it. So you'd want to work in some kind of exhibition of that happening in your story or game. Outdoors, in light, the affect wouldn't be major. But in dim lighting, even modern firearms can have enough flash to screw with night vision.

This kind of weapon in the tunnels that dwarves often call home would be something specialized (imo). They'd have a small number of them either taking the first shot and then fading behind foot soldiers, or firing from behind foot. The smoke lingering is going to be a big problem for the battlefield underground.

Well, I guess you could handwave and say that dark vision isn't occluded by smoke and other particulates. But that assumes you have dark vision in the first place it isn't always a dwarf trait. That still isn't great for the dwarves. Their enemies would end up with an advantage from using those, if you're using d&d style underground races.

Musketballs were some pretty big calibre bullets. 0.50-0.75 were standard infantry ranges. I can't imagine the recoil with less surface area to dissipate that energy. It'd probably dislocate your shoulder if you fired a modern anti-materiel rifle as a bullpup.

It looks like using the axeyonet will bend/break stuff. Maybe make it more sturdy idk.

but it's cool 👍

I'm actually thinking about including this in my current worldbuilding project. In my universe, dwarves have a particular talent for enchanting magic, runes and wards. This allows them to create advanced pieces of machinery that would otherwise be impossible.

They use this magic to create a dedicated headgear for their musketeers, which includes hearing protection, flash protection, air filtering, and enhanced night vision. There's a whole sub-story about those headgears evolving into basically power armors over the decades, to the point that they eventually become too over-enginereed and expensive to be actually viable in warfare.

In addition, after a certain point in development, only mages could actually use those armors. This led to the muskets being modified to channel magic too, thus they couldn't be used by a normal dwarf anymore either.

My world is more in a Pike and Shot era militarily speaking, as there isn't magic capable of blowing up formations, artillery is still too primitive to do a lot of damage, and magic beasts like dragons maintain the usefulness of dedicated pikemen formations.