this post was submitted on 25 Dec 2025
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Worldbuilding

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Cloud cities. You know them, you love them, and I want them in my conworld. The last story I posted here takes place in one.

Economically, here's how I see this panning out:

  1. A gas giant has economically exploitable gases.
  2. Floating extraction platforms similar to oil rigs are set up to extract those gases.
  3. These platforms develop ancillary economies to support the people mining those gases.
  4. These ancillary economies attract more and more people, diversifying the overall economy to the point that the platforms become floating cities.

In terms of physics and chemistry I'm on much shakier ground. This isn't a rock-hard sci-fi setting, so I'm willing to fudge things, but I like learning about the real world through my worldbuilding so it's fun to try and make it work.

The cities are held aloft by Flanar pontoons and stabilized in part by the extraction equipment hanging down from the underside of the city into the layer where the extractible gases can be found.

At first I imagined the cities being sealed from the outside, but that makes them no different than orbital colonies save for the presence of gravity, so I want them open.

Right now I imagine there being a belt of breathable air, encircling the planet, limited to a certain range of heights and possibly combined to certain latitudes, where the cities can be found. They would drift along with the wind currents, so the air speed would be near zero, allowing people to venture outside without being blown away.

One possibility I entertained was that the whole planet is mostly oxygen and argon, but that doesn't seem likely.

On other places where this question has come up people suggested a Venus-like super earth, so a massive rocky planet with a very thick atmosphere. That would still necessitate sealed cities I think.

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[–] deadbeef79000@lemmy.nz 1 points 4 hours ago

Iain M. Banks' The Algebraist has gas giant Dwellers. Part of that universe is that life is everywhere (in contrast to yours). In the coronae of stars, in the gasses of nebula, and in water-rich gas giants.

Humans can't breath the atmosphere, but at certain altitudes pressure and temperature are tolerable to humans.

It's a fantastic story, so I highly recommend reading anyway but you might get some inspiration for your world building.

At a pinch, 'trapping' the oxygen needed in water in a hydrogen gas giant could still be available to biologicals.

[–] becausechemistry@piefed.social 3 points 15 hours ago

You have some good comments here, but I’ll add one wrinkle: gas giants nearly invariably have lots of hydrogen. Add in enough oxygen (20% or so) for humans to breathe and you have a very flammable mixture.

I don’t think a mixed hydrogen / oxygen atmosphere could naturally exist.

But there would be an altitude where the pressure stays around 1 earth atmosphere. As long as the temperature and radiation situation was okay, you could get away with no special gear apart from an oxygen supply.

(Except that humans breathe out most of the oxygen we breathe in. Which would create little flammable pockets of hydrogen-oxygen mixtures every time someone exhales.)

[–] Addition@sh.itjust.works 9 points 21 hours ago (1 children)

Most gas giants are primarily lighter elements like hydrogen and helium. Nitrogen is also a light element, so having a nitrogen based gas giant would make sense. Plus then it's an easy to justify an atmospheric band of higher oxygen content conveniently forming an earth-like Nitrogen/oxygen composition.

[–] HobbitFoot@thelemmy.club 3 points 20 hours ago

Creating a heavier gas gas-giant would be an interesting way to justify initial colonization. There might be a nitrogen-oxygen layer for habitation, but the planet would be a site for floatation grade gases while also being a supply for heavier gases below the habitable band.

Given that it is one planet with a mix of different gases, you'll likely need processing facilities on site which would justify some infrastructure. Some of the initial cities would likely be attached to large purification facilities.

[–] thebardingreen@lemmy.starlightkel.xyz 7 points 20 hours ago* (last edited 20 hours ago)

I've always thought this was a really cool idea. There are a few examples in Sci-Fi, other than Star Wars (Bespin). The Bobiverse for instance hints at such a thing (Odin) without getting at all into the mechanics of it.

The biggest problem is relative weights. Oxygen is going to sink into the planet while hydrogen and other light elements float to the top. Gas giants are mostly hydrogen.

How could a gas giant be made of mostly heavier elements so that there's a layer of oxygen near the top (with survivable pressure)?

  • Biological processes - this is the most interesting one to think about IMO. Some kind of very interesting ecology has been going on on the planet for billions of years. Perhaps some kind of silicon based biosphere deep inside the planet uses fusion to generate energy and has been fusing hydrogen and helium into heavy elements for so many billions of years it's changed the atmospheric composition of the planet. Paleontology on such a planet would be extremely difficult, but also fascinating. This kind of idea has been explored in Sci Fi (for example kind of shallowly in Manta by Timothy Zahn).
  • Terraforming - machines of some kind maintain your air band... probably not very well.
  • It's actually an ancient alien megastructure - Iain M. Banks had one of these (the Airsphere) in one of the Culture books.
  • It formed in some very weird way, like in the aftermath of a supernova, in which case, what is it orbiting and how is it in a Goldilocks zone? While the idea of habitable planets orbiting black holes as been explored (Interstellar) and even studied, the most likely possibility is that the super nova remnant (black hole, neutron star, pulsar) has a stellar companion that it captured and that in turn captured one or more of the planets that formed from the super nova remnant. An extremely rare situation. IMO, this is the second most interesting possibility. If I were you, I might combine the first one and this one.

In all of these, storms are an interesting (very dangerous) problem. On Jupiter and Saturn, storms transfer material from deeper in the planet's atmosphere into higher atmospheric levels (leading to color changes like the Great Red Spot). Storms will dredge up unbreathable material which the very least would require the cities to seal up and ride them out. And storms on gas giants can last for decades or centuries (Great Red Spot) so your cities need to be able to navigate away from them. But this circulation of material is likely critically important for any biosphere maintaining the oxygen atmosphere.

[–] bizarroland@lemmy.world 2 points 16 hours ago* (last edited 16 hours ago) (1 children)

One fun aspect of having open cities on a gas giant would be that you could have storms where the heavier potentially poisonous gases from the lower sections of the planet could be spun up by stellar activity and wash over everything so everyone would have to evacuate indoors during the storms.

Perhaps they could be there for mining where the heavier elements in gaseous form are lower down so they send down scouters and whatnot to scoop them up.

There could also be theoretical, lost alien technology hiding inside of it, or the gas planet could have formed over a shell that contains a black hole, so the core of the planet could have a very small, pebble-sized black hole with one mile schwartzchild radius or something.

Might be interesting, lots of opportunities to use the environment for storytelling.

[–] early_riser@lemmy.world 2 points 14 hours ago

There could also be theoretical, lost alien technology hiding inside of it, or the gas planet could have formed over a shell that contains a black hole, so the core of the planet could have a very small, pebble-sized black hole with one mile schwartzchild radius or something.

All good ideas. Maybe it was a rogue micro black hole that accreted a breathable atmosphere before getting captured and settling into a stable orbit. Or if not breathable air than a mixture of gases that could be made breathable with Science™️.

[–] riskable@programming.dev 3 points 18 hours ago

If the gas giant has a serious, permanent storm like Jupiter's Eye, that could provide enough mixing with the lower atmosphere to bring up heavier elements like argon, neon, and the like.

Heck, if there's enough silicon in the planet, that could bring highly smoothed/polished sand all the way up into the upper atmosphere just like hurricanes on earth can deliver it to the southeastern United States, all the way from the Sahara desert.

[–] DagwoodIII@piefed.social 3 points 21 hours ago

[off topic?]

You might want to check out the science fiction of Poul Anderson. He'd start with the sun and then develop the planet from there, and only then create the race[s] that live there.

https://bookshop.org/beta-search?keywords=poul+anderson

[–] Semi_Hemi_Demigod@lemmy.world 2 points 20 hours ago (1 children)

You could come up with some kind of ecology that creates the layer of breathable air.

This would also let you create various sky creatures to populate the world. Maybe the economy is based on hunting sky whales.

[–] early_riser@lemmy.world 2 points 20 hours ago* (last edited 20 hours ago) (1 children)

That'd be a stretch given one of the hard rules of the setting is that only two planets are known to have naturally given rise to life and another rule is that there is no heavy genetic engineering going on, at least with metazoans. Any major changes have to be arrived at through selective breeding.

Though I like the idea generally. I have to wonder where gas giant life gets its biomass from, maybe aeroplankton...

[–] Semi_Hemi_Demigod@lemmy.world 1 points 17 hours ago (1 children)

What if transpermia carried life from one of the worlds it evolved on, perhaps billions of years ago, and it's taken hold in the atmosphere and adapted to a new habitat. So life is from one of two planets, and might be solely microscopic. Maybe it congeals into great living clouds.

This life created some kind of important substance on the planet that is running out, which gives a reason to have gas mining operations on the planet, as well as creates conflict between scientists wanting to study the life and this novel ecosystem and the miners wanting to make money.

And maybe it can only survive near the equator or poles, which is where it creates the belt of breathable atmosphere.

[–] early_riser@lemmy.world 2 points 14 hours ago (1 children)

All good ideas. Another possibility, the oxygen is a byproduct of the refining of mined gases, so the more you "pollute" the more breathable the atmosphere becomes

[–] Semi_Hemi_Demigod@lemmy.world 1 points 13 hours ago* (last edited 13 hours ago)

That's another good one. Maybe the oxygen build up could cause some kind of environmental catastrophe. Like there's sporadic events where the atmosphere catches fire, and if we do it too much the entire planet bursts into flames. Maybe it's a methane gas giant like Neptune but with enough internal heat to have a reasonably temperate altitude at normal pressures.