Archaeology
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Archaeology or archeology[a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes.
Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time.
The discipline involves surveying, excavation, and eventually analysis of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research. Read more...
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This is interesting because it shows how widespread the "mystery cults" (like Mithraism) were back then.
Originally the Romans built a small fort in the place, near the Celtic settlement of Radasbona. But then by 171 Marcus Aurelius had it rebuilt to host the Italic Third Legion. And given legions back then had 5200 soldiers, this means the fort was considerably smaller than the necessary to hold 5k people; if it was just a bit smaller, they'd extend, not rebuild it.
For reference: in the 1st century it's believed the city of Rome had ~1M inhabitants, and Alexandria had ~500k. The empire as a whole had, like, 60M? 75M? inhabitants. So even for the standards of back then, this sanctuary was found in the middle of nowhere, and yet there was social pressure to build a shrine for Mithras there.
That's important because we know practically nothing about the cult. The initiates swore an oath of secrecy, so written info from those times is rather scarce.