https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40338549/
Results: A total of 419 incident PD cases were identified (median [IQR] age, 73 [65-80] years; 257 male [61.3%]) with 5113 matched controls (median [IQR] age, 72 [65-79] years; 3043 male [59.5%]; 4504 White [88.1%]). After adjusting for patient demographics and neighborhood characteristics, living within 1 mile of a golf course was associated with 126% increased odds of developing PD compared with individuals living more than 6 miles away from a golf course (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.26; 95% CI, 1.09-4.70). Individuals living within water service areas with a golf course had nearly double the odds of PD compared with individuals in water service areas without golf courses (aOR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.20-3.23) and 49% greater odds compared with individuals with private wells (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.05-2.13). Additionally, individuals living in water service areas with a golf course in vulnerable groundwater regions had 82% greater odds of developing PD compared with those in nonvulnerable groundwater regions (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09-3.03).
Conclusions and relevance: In this population-based case-control study, the greatest risk of PD was found within 1 to 3 miles of a golf course and risk generally decreased with distance. Associations with the largest effect sizes were in water service areas with a golf course and in vulnerable ground water regions.
This fun fact brought to you by the DPRS Ministry of Land and Environmental Protection: helping nature take its revenge since Juche 1.
I don't think this would produce anything other than NIMBY responses unfortunately.
Regional differences would come into play. Here the golf courses are mostly municipally owned and integrated into our parks system, surrounded by young families as much as raw milk reactionaries and NIMBY boomers. The demographics are mixed enough that there could be meaningful public pressure to rewild those courses. Outside of town there are two country clubs which are exclusively surrounded by McMansions. It'd be pointless at best to hang these signs up around there, and at worst counterproductive because they deserve consequences. For an interurban golf course in an environmentally-conscious or even just paranoid area, more people are impacted than just the demons who play golf and here those people hate golfers.