the trouble with tribbles grain deal comes to mind. The grain is being held/shipped for a member world.

Being shipped doesn't mean it is a trade deal, they offered assistance due to its strategic position as it is a disputed planet between the Federation and the Klingons. And if you're talking about the deal between the bartender and Cyrano Jones, he is independent from the Federation, like Quark's bar, any deal between would be external (and they seem to use credits as a currency?).

Then there’s Cassidy Yates and all the federation traders in ds9 (though that’s not a solid argument.) there’s also the cargo ships frequently used in tng as background.

In a similar situation, Deep Space Station 9 is close to disputed territory and Federation candidate members. So again, they deal between Federation and others species. And the cargo ships in TNG aren't necessarily, doing any sort trade, they may simply hauling supplies for Federation planets and colonies.

Dilithium deuterium minning are also frequently mentioned… usually the federation being interested in minning for its own use. (Just another reason to build the power system off something else…actually.)

Since they need it for every warp drive spaceship, I assume it would be a very well controlled resource. And due to its importance I don't think they would hire external help, so it would be fair to assume they use Federation miners and scientists to extract it. But again I don't think they mention any internal trade, so I assume they distribute it accordingly to each species or organization.