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It's an Elon post so obviously he's just bullshitting, but I've seen this kind of sentiment among Amerikkkans broadly throughout my life, from the days of the Global War Of Terror up to now. It's even a common insult/comeback in media for basically any mildly disruptive behavior. Why the fuck is there this mindset that the only reason someone would ever protest or challenge the government because they don't have a job? Or that somehow having a job places you under a magical trance that makes you Fall In Line? For a country that emphasizes """freedom""" USians sure love the idea of being subservient for money.
It's not about having a job, it's about contributing to society. All cultures and societies have ways of ridiculing and attempting to discipline those who are viewed as not contributing adequately to society. The USA is a hyper capitalist country, so that manifests itself as ridiculing people who don't have a job (as that's how you should contribute to society under the US model). There's also a built-in assumption that those without a job are "leeching off" of someone who does, or government assistance. But to answer your question, in other cultures and countries you won't be ridiculed for not having a job necessarily as the main thing, but you would be insulted for say not having kids, not taking care of/respecting the elderly, not supporting your children adequately, etc. For instance, the idea of charging your kid rent or putting your parents in a old folks home would be seen as alien and insulting in a number of countries outside of the USA, and people who do that would be ridiculed. What is seen as most important for contributing to society is different depending on culture. For some it's contributing to family, for some it's contributing to the greater collective, for some, like the general American culture, it's contributing to the economy. Though of course there are exceptions, as there is for everything.