Jose Saramago has some great books that really explore the human condition.

For me The Name of the Rose is a real masterpiece. I enjoyed The Prague Cemetery as much as Foucault's Pendulum but I'd personally put Baudolino before those two.

Edit: this was a reply for @ThisIsNotHim@sopuli.xyz, for some reason I keep pressing the wrong reply arrow on the Voyager app.

Roger Zelazny. Even though he started in the sixties, he was active through the 70s, 80s, and early 90s until his death. Fantastic world building and characters that feel very much like real people.

Marilynne Robinson! "Housekeeping," "Gilead," absolutely stunning writer.

Dan Abnett. Eisenhorn, Gaunt, and Bequin. I understand that the setting doesn't necessarily appeal to everyone, but the way he writes prose is beautiful in my opinion. And he writes excellent characters.

Jim Butcher. He sits firmly and unapologetically in his fantasy niche, so if that's not your thing you may be disappointed, but the man writes good dialogue and he can turn a phrase.

Agree with plenty of the ones mentioned here, like: Stephenson, Egan and Murakami.

A very observant author is Peter Carey.

His wonderful book, Bliss was written in 1981 and felt like someone in 2010 looking back at the debauched mid 80s. Amazing foresight.

Sarah Waters

Oh, and for funny books, Tom Sharpe of course

Anyone mentioned John Boyne yet?

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas was really a YA book, but some of his other stuff is world class. A Ladder to the Sky, Heart's Invisible Furies etc

Lots of great sf/fantasy authors mentioned already, including some I'd argue for as great writers regardless of genre (Ursula K. Le Guin, Gene Wolfe, N. K. Jemisin).

I have three more to suggest in this genre and from this period:

• C. J. Cherryh (Cyteen, Foreigner series, lots more) uses the lens of alien societies -- just different enough from ours -- to make us look critically at the structure of our own;

• Sheri S. Tepper (Grass, Raising the Stones, The Gate to Women's Country) carries one or another of the dark currents underlying our culture to its horrifying conclusion, and shows us what we get;

• Lois McMaster Bujold (Vorkosigan saga) gives us a hilarious and improbable hero who utterly transcends his disabilities, in the end perfectly embodying what it seems he could never hope to be.

Frederik pohl

Tad Williams low key you get no GOT or GRRM without him. If you ever read the memory, sorrow and thorn series of books you basically see where much of the inspiration for GOT came from

Andy McNabb

To add one I haven't seen: Jane Smiley. I really enjoyed The Greenlanders, A Thousand Acres and Horse Heaven.