this post was submitted on 12 Jul 2026
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Zoë has a PhD in public health nutrition. She struggles to find anything that is being taught in 'conventional' nutritional worlds that is true or evidence based. Hence why she spent 2008-10 writing The Obesity Epidemic - 135,000 words blowing apart: the misapplication of thermodynamics to dieting; the notion that 1lb = 3,500 calories, let alone that a deficit of 3,500 calories will lead to a weight loss of 1lb; the Seven Countries Study and the subsequent change in our diet advice, which has caused the obesity epidemic; the role of exercise in obesity and much more.

generated summary

Definitions and question

  • Veganism excludes meat, fish, eggs, and dairy, leaving grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, vegetables, fruits, and plant oils.[1]
  • Plant-based language is softer than vegan language, while some research definitions include people who occasionally eat meat or fish within vegetarian categories.[2][3][4]
  • About 20 years as a vegetarian, including a vegan period, ended with rejection of the nutritional, animal, and planetary cases for veganism.

Nutrition and evidence

  • Randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are at the top of the evidence hierarchy.[5][6]
  • A PubMed search for vegan-diet meta-analyses produced 28 results, with three remaining after removal of mismatched designs, diets, and surrogate-marker analyses.[7]
  • The mental-health meta-analysis linked vegetarian or vegan diets with higher depression risk and lower anxiety scores, which is not an endorsement of the diets.[8]
  • The bone meta-analysis found lower femoral-neck and lumbar-spine bone mineral density in vegetarians and vegans, with higher fracture rates in vegans.[9]
  • The type 2 diabetes meta-analysis found better glycemic control with low-carbohydrate, low-glycemic-index, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets, not vegetarian, vegan, or high-fiber diets.[10]
  • The Ornish trial combined a low-fat vegetarian diet with smoking cessation, stress management, aerobic exercise, and psychosocial support, so its coronary improvement cannot be assigned to the diet.[11]
  • The Game Changers erection experiment used three men over two nights, comparing a meat burrito with a plant burrito.[12]
  • The Daily Dozen calculation supplied about 1,364 calories, nearly 70% carbohydrate, 16% fat, and 17% protein, with multiple vitamins, minerals, and animal-form nutrients absent or below the selected targets.[14]
  • A healthy diet supplies essential nutrients without supplementation; a vegan diet requires supplementation and is therefore not healthy.[13][14]

Animals and food production

  • Cattle, pigs, sheep, hens, and domestic cats would not exist in a vegan food system because livestock and carnivorous pets depend on animal agriculture.
  • The Vegetarian Myth links crop production to unavoidable animal deaths: even protecting a lettuce requires excluding or killing slugs.[15]
  • One cow was calculated to provide more than 600,000 calories and feed one person for a year, while the same calories would require about 228 chickens.[16][17][18]
  • Fischer and Lamey's field-death paper is used with an estimate of seven billion animal deaths annually on harvested U.S. cropland, alongside about 40 million cattle and nine billion chickens killed for food.[19]
  • Confining chickens and cattle in sheds or concrete systems is wrong, and removing grazing ruminants is also wrong because they belong on grassland.

Soil and climate

  • Grazing ruminants host microflora, return material to the land, and rejuvenate topsoil; soil-free greenhouse production removes that relationship and requires added carbon dioxide.[20]
  • Rotational systems such as Polyface Farm alternate animals, crops, and rest, while plant-only cultivation continually takes from soil without returning animal fertility.
  • Local food comes from the surrounding land and water: cattle, sheep, dairy, fish, eggs, and seasonal vegetables, not distant imported produce.
  • Humans also generate methane, including methane measured in flatus, so methane production is not unique to cattle.[21]
  • Atmospheric methane is about 1.8 parts per million; the calculations reduce agriculture's share to about 0.44 and enteric fermentation to about 0.3 parts per million.[22][23][24]

Institutions and conclusion

  • The EAT-Lancet diet permits zero animal food while allocating roughly 110 to 120 calories to table sugar.[25]
  • FReSH includes agribusiness, chemical, technology, consultancy, processed-food, retail, pharmaceutical, insect-production, and other large corporate interests.[26]
  • Veganism is rejected because removing livestock threatens topsoil and local food production, then transfers control of food to corporations whose incentive is commercial, not health.

References

  1. [01:24] Food Groups — https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2015/05/food-groups/
  2. [02:49] Plant based diet propaganda — https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2019/08/plant-based-diet-propaganda/
  3. [02:49] Plant based diet propaganda – Part 2 — https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2019/09/plant-based-diet-propaganda-part-2/
  4. [03:20] Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? — https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736K
  5. [05:50] The Levels of Evidence and Their Role in Evidence-Based Medicine — https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318219c171
  6. [06:09] Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research — https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X005010003
  7. [06:53] PubMed search: vegan diet, meta-analysis filter — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=vegan+diet&filter=pubt.meta-analysis&size=50
  8. [07:31] Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis — https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa030
  9. [07:58] Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis — https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy045
  10. [08:33] Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes — https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.042457
  11. [09:45] Intensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease — https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.23.2001
  12. [10:53] The Game Changers — https://www.netflix.com/title/81157840
  13. [11:59] National Food Strategy – call for evidence — https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2019/10/national-food-strategy-call-for-evidence/
  14. [13:17] Food to help you live longer — https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2018/01/food-to-help-you-live-longer/
  15. [17:29] The Vegetarian Myth – Lierre Keith — https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2011/08/the-vegetarian-myth-lierre-keith/
  16. [19:12] How Many Pounds of Meat Can We Expect From a Beef Animal? — https://beef.unl.edu/beefwatch/2020/how-many-pounds-meat-can-we-expect-beef-animal
  17. [19:18] Beef nutrition data used for the calorie calculation — https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/beef-products/3669/2
  18. [19:42] Raw Whole Chicken nutrition data — https://www.nutritionix.com/food/raw-whole-chicken
  19. [20:05] Field Deaths in Plant Agriculture — https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-018-9733-8
  20. [22:49] Thanet Earth — https://www.thanetearth.com/
  21. [25:34] Investigation of normal flatus production in healthy volunteers — https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.6.665
  22. [26:50] Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases — https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases
  23. [26:55] Methane Tracker 2020 — https://www.iea.org/reports/methane-tracker-2020
  24. [27:03] FAOSTAT Emissions Totals — https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GT/visualize
  25. [28:42] Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems — https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4
  26. [29:01] Food Reform for Sustainability and Health — https://eatforum.org/initiatives/fresh/

GPT-5.6 Thinking - high - 2026-07-12 - 2026-07-12

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[–] silly_goose@lemmy.today 4 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Cattle, pigs, sheep, hens, and domestic cats would not exist in a vegan food system because livestock and carnivorous pets depend on animal agriculture.

It's is not a bad thing depending on your perspective. I believe it's better to die out than to be a slave species that lives a horrible life only to get eaten.

I just want to mention it. I know this community is also against animal farming and prefer to leave cattle in grasslands until it's time to eat them.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 1 day ago (1 children)

That's an interesting philosophy. Does it extend to all carnivores on the planet? I.e would we go out and destroy all carnivores, so herbivores never get killed? What about herbivores that kill, but don't eat? Like hippos

Where do you draw the line on life that should not be hunted? Or kept captive? Feed animals obviously, Worms, crickets and birds for crops? then pets, symbiotic bacteria, captive mitochondria... Where do you draw the line on captivity?

[–] silly_goose@lemmy.today 2 points 1 day ago (1 children)

would we go out and destroy all carnivores

I wouldn't go and destroy the carnivores because I'm against killing. But I'd prefer a world where carnivores don't exist.

The scenario with the end of animal farms I had in mind is we would stop breeding the farm animals and they would go extinct.

Where do you draw the line

All sentient life. So I include insects, birds, and pets etc. Not so much to bacteria, mitochondria, and plants as they are not demonstrated to be sentient.

hunted? Or kept captive

I am only against hunting or keeping animals against their will. I'm against suffering. If they want it and give consent then it's fine.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 2 points 1 day ago (1 children)

In your ideal world, how do you eat food?

You can't use any soil, because that would impact worms and insects

You can't use pesticides, because that would impact the insects and also the birds

You're left with hydroponics? But where do you get the inputs for the hydroponics? They have the same problem.

It kinda sounds like your going to be Doug Forcett in the good place

[–] silly_goose@lemmy.today 1 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Hahah. I imagine in the ideal scenario humans would sit in the sun and extract energy from it or have some sort of nuclear energy powering all sentient beings so they don't have to harm each other to survive.

But yea I know that it is mostly like a best case scenario that might happen in the future. I just use it as a yard stick to minimize (intentional) harm that I do in my life.

Note the word intentional. If I kill an animal myself and eat its flesh vs accidentally trampling or eating a worm trapped in an apple. I would feel worse by the former and try to minimize such circumstances.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

Bioengineer yourself into Zaan from farscape? a intelligent plant species

If I kill an animal myself and eat its flesh vs accidentally trampling or eating a worm trapped in an apple. I would feel worse by the former and try to minimize such circumstances.

Let me try to square this circle -

I'm sure you have seen the previous posts on the calculus of death in food production - if your goal is to minimize deaths in total rather then as direct intentional acts - eating one cow a year or two appears to win by a wide margin. However, if you want to say "i don't intend these deaths" you still have to acknowledge the unintentional deaths that are inevitable consequences of the choice even if they are not "intentional".. i.e. drink drivers don't intend to kill people in motor collisions, but its inevitable if they do it enough.

[–] silly_goose@lemmy.today 3 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

Bioengineer yourself into Zaan from farscape? a intelligent plant species

I imagine something like that.

I'm sure you have seen the previous posts on the calculus of death in food production

I am aware of this argument. I don't think I have an answer that is logical or that will satisfy you. I suffered a lot as a child when I saw a fishes suffocating to death and a chicken being killed infront of me. I felt terrible while eating it too. So I've been mostly plant based since then.

I haven't had any health issues for decades. Nor have I needed any supplements.

I eat organic, local and wild as much as possible. Minimizing the deaths from modern agriculture. These deaths feel quite different to me. They are small animals just living out those lives and they are suddenly killed by pesticides or crushed by tilling. It's minimal suffering. I would prefer such a death compared to living and dying as a farm animal.

drink drivers don't intend to kill people in motor collisions

In case of drunk drivers they are intentionally impairing their motor skills, reflexes for a good time. They are intentionally entering circumstances that increase chances of harming others around them. So I usually condemn getting intoxicated unless it's in a safe setting and for medical reasons.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 2 points 1 day ago (1 children)

will satisfy you.

You don't have to satisfy anyone but yourself. If your at peace with your choices - great.

I haven’t had any health issues for decades. Nor have I needed any supplements.

fantastic! keep doing whats working for you!

[–] silly_goose@lemmy.today 1 points 1 day ago (1 children)

fantastic! keep doing what's working for you!

Exactly. Well said. It's still good to discuss and understand other worldviews. It's fun and mind expanding :))

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 3 points 18 hours ago (1 children)

Are you taking b12 supplements? if not (nor have i needed any supplements) what are you doing to keep your b12 status in check?

[–] silly_goose@lemmy.today 3 points 16 hours ago* (last edited 11 hours ago)

I check my blood regularly. I always had normal b12 levels. I cannot explain it but my best guess is:

Maybe my gut is able to develop well, synthesize and absorb it because of eating mostly plants for so long. It's been 20 years since I took an antibiotic or used anything antibacterial. I forage and eat plants off soil regularly without much washing. Was I getting some b12 from soil? I can only speculate.

Our government started fortifying foods like flour and grains with B12 since 2-3 years. So I don't have to worry about it anymore.

[–] palimpsest@lemmy.blahaj.zone 5 points 2 days ago (2 children)

As a vegan I'm obviously biased from a moral standpoint, but I also found some of the given arguments kinda weak on some points, while others are true. I was mainly interested in going through the arguments for fun.

  1. Nutritional argument/Game Changers part: This one I skipped mostly, as any argument that some particular kind of diet is more or less healthy depends on how the diet itself is structured and whether one takes it upon themselves to meet all the different macro- and micronutrients, be it with supplements or not. On B12, it's often supplemented into the feed of factory-farmed animals if I remember correctly, and EPA/DHA can be found in algae, as that's how fish get it in the first place.

  2. Animal argument: There are 3 statements here: first, that if we all went vegan all the currently eaten animals like cows and pigs would vanish; second, that even a vegan diet uses so much land that it leads to the death of animals anyway; and third, that the mass production of meat is wrong and no one wants it. The first is true. There would be no cows, pigs or chickens, or at least not in their current numbers. But is this even bad? Most farm animals are overbred just to be better products, which leads to painful and miserable lives for them. So in my opinion, putting a stop to the artificial breeding of millions of them would be a worthwhile endeavor. In our current system, a good chunk of our land use goes to feed for farm animals, so living vegan would lead to a reduction in overall land use. The only true kernel here is that there is some land which isn't usable for growing crops but could be used for grazing animals or growing animal feed. But would this yield enough animal feed to sustain our current consumption? Nope. Which leads to the third point: if we want to consume as much meat as a society as we currently do, doing it in an industrial fashion is kinda the only realistic option, as free-roaming animals would need much more space.

  3. The planet argument: These seem especially weak. First, natural vs. non-natural methane: obviously both are relevant, but stopping the methane from cows through a different diet is much simpler than attempting a worldwide extermination of termites, cockroaches, etc. And that it gets dismissed in climate reports is also pretty weird, since natural sources of methane are taken into account. The ppm part seems like straight-up pseudoscience: the amount in ppm isn't really a good indicator without taking into account the previous baseline, how strong it is in the context of the greenhouse effect (about 25x compared to CO2) and other factors. Cyanide kills someone in sub-gram territory, but we wouldn't say we didn't believe in its toxicity because of that.

Like, there are some interesting arguments to make or discussions to have, such as the use of land we can't grow crops on, or how to handle carnivorous animals we keep as pets, but most of the points given here are pretty undercomplex.

[–] xep@discuss.online 1 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago)

Nutritional argument/Game Changers part: This one I skipped mostly, as any argument that some particular kind of diet is more or less healthy depends on how the diet itself is structured and whether one takes it upon themselves to meet all the different macro- and micronutrients, be it with supplements or not.

I disagree. Nutrient bio-availability means that it's not how a diet is "structured" but what you eat. There are things that we require for health as a species that we can only obtain from animal sources. Since you're vegan you have no choice but to supplement, but please keep in mind that nothing in this world exists on its own. Nutrients removed from the matrix of food our body expects to receive them from aren't the same.

Every species has evolved to eat specific things. We are meant to eat the meat and associated fat of animals, preferably ruminants and fish. No other animal on this planet "structures" its diet and supplements to "meet all the different macro and micronutrients." They eat the thing that they've evolved to eat when they're hungry, and stop eating it when they're not.

Humans are the only species intelligent enough to manufacture our own food, and dumb enough to actually eat it.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 2 days ago

Thanks for looking at Zoe's lecture! Thats really nice of you! I appreciate it. I'll respond to some of your points inline below.

Nutritional argument..... On B12, it’s often supplemented into the feed of factory-farmed animals if I remember correctly, and EPA/DHA can be found in algae, as that’s how fish get it in the first place.

Fair enough, you do you! But if a diet is impossible to satisfy on natural whole foods, then the diet can't argue it is the most historically matched to human evolution.

Animal argument.... in our current system, a good chunk of our land use goes to feed for farm animals

She addresses this, but I'll recap - ruminants should just eat grass, not non-edible human crops, they are fed those crops because they are cheap and to fatten up the animal (while making it sick), which isn't great.

Animal argument.... living vegan would lead to a reduction in overall land use

Technically yes, because the land used for ruminants isn't crop land.. but the current crop land would not yield more human food - animals are getting the waste products of that system, taking the animals out just leaves the waste.

Animal argument.... if we want to consume as much meat as a society as we currently do, doing it in an industrial fashion is kinda the only realistic option, as free-roaming animals would need much more space.

I think you will find most zero carb carnivores more or less agree with you - the industrial farming system is barbaric and needs to change. Animals in their natural environments are the most ethical and healthy.

The planet argument... stopping the methane from cows through a different diet is much simpler than attempting a worldwide extermination of termites, cockroaches, etc. And that it gets dismissed in climate reports is also pretty weird, since natural sources of methane are taken into account.

The core problem is the analysis of carbon emissions from animal sources makes huge assumptions, but more importantly doesn't look at the entire biocycle of a cow. A cow is not a net producer of carbon - it's inputs are just grass and water - any carbon it emits is coming from the grass and water. Looking at just the outputs of a cow's life it looks like a carbon polluter, but if you account for the inputs, its neutral, and if the cow is living in its natural habitat it's a carbon capture device. Cows eating grass cause the grass to sequester carbon in its root system, increasing soil health.

We can't isolate a single part of a single system in isolation and claim it's a bad thing, we have to look at the entire lifecycle.

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 1 points 2 days ago (3 children)

If you care about the mass extinction and collapse of the biosphere we are causing then one should reduce or fully remove animal products. By excluding all animal products, this diet has the lowest carbon footprint. It typically emits between 0.7 kg and 2.6 kg of CO₂ equivalents per day, depending on calorie intake and food sourcing. This represents a 50% to 75% reduction in food-related emissions compared to a standard meat-based diet (link). A standard diet including varying amounts of poultry, pork, dairy, and red meat generally sits in the middle of the spectrum. Emissions range from 3.8 kg to 5.3 kg of CO₂ equivalents per day. The carnivore diet produces the highest emissions by a wide margin. This diet can generate upwards of 7 kg to 9 kg or more of CO₂ equivalents per day, resulting in a carbon footprint that can be up to 4 to 24 times larger than that of a strictly vegan diet. Research consistently highlights that beef production is a massive driver of these elevated figures, producing about 60 kg of CO₂ equivalents per kilogram of meat—roughly 100 times more than most fruits and vegetables.

[–] xep@discuss.online 4 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

Take note of Rule 6. As it is your first time posting here we'll go easy on you :)

I encourage you to watch the video and think critically about the information presented before regurgitating facts generated by an LLM about "this diet."

If we were to bring what I think your LLM is trying to say to its logical conclusion, what we'd have to do is also remove all pets since they too produce a large amount of food related emissions. Additionally, human gas emissions should be minimized, i.e. we should eliminate foods that cause flatulence in our diet. After all, from a philosophical standpoint, it's only fair, right?

Then there is the difference in how long methane and CO2 stays in the atmosphere that we should also consider, as well as various other cofounders such as green/blue water, arable/non-arable land, and the fact that ruminants regenerate topsoil and sequester co2 in various ways. The figures your LLM provided for emissions are inaccurate. Additionally, the initial number cited by many CO2 studies as the cost of cattle beef is in itself inaccurate and has been amended by the paper's author, so you should take a look that also.

There is also the environmental and societal cost of transporting plant matter around the planet for plant-based to even be possible in the winter months, dry/arid climes, or in the far north. If we were to only consume locally produced food that is seasonally appropriate, it is not possible to sustain a purely plant-based diet in many parts of the world.

And of course, as you are already well aware, nutrient bioavailability is an order of magnitude different between plants and animals, ignoring things that plants cannot provide that we require such as vitamin b12, cholesterol, fat soluble vitamins, heme iron, or specific amino acids.

All things considered, a sustainable and regenerative zero carb diet is superior environmentally to what I think your LLM is suggesting, which is veganism.

Btw, if all you're here to do is evangelize veganism, this is the wrong community for you. If you're open to having a sincere, good faith discussion about metabolic health, then you're more than welcome.

ps. it's just a little bit hypocritical to use an LLM, a technology with massive on-going environmental and societal costs, to generate hot air about environmentalism.

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago)

I searched like normal, verified the statements in the links and edited it myself. If you have a preferred search engine I should have used I'm open ears. For reference I used duckduckgo. If like others you would prefer a different diction then I can edit the comment to your liking.

I've said myself that crop farming as it is not without issue, particularly circumstances like farming crops that are not well suited to a location or the season and genetic modification to sustain greater uses of pesticides such as roundup. As for transportation, that's an issue for both food sources. Locally grown can be more efficient and environmentally friendly but it's a case by case basis.

Conceptually almost all the energy we consume is coming from the sun, arguably some from geothermal but one could argue the source of that is the sun's gravity helping the earth form. There's also radioactive decay but that's energy from other stars to form those materials. The more steps one takes from an energy source the more loss there will be. Think power generation, converting to AC, transporting, and converting again into DC to charge your phone. There are only small cases where meat production will be locally efficient as a means of waste energy capture. Simply put our demand is far greater than the supply of meat produced in that way. The most efficient and environmentally neutral means of food production for 9 billion people is plant based aka not growing food to feed food to feed people but just growing food to feed people.

That said there's a very fair argument to be made for insect based protein sources and lab grown meat, particularly once the technology matures.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 3 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

Happily Zoe has already addressed this argument in her lecture, I recommend you watch it.

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

What was the argument? Also there are more environmental concerns than just CO2, there is deforestation, habitat destruction, waste of farmland for feed crops, water consumption, and pollution runoff. I understand that farming crops is itself not problem free and we could better produce crops as well. Like maybe farming almonds in a water restricted location and genetically modifying crops to withstand higher levels of Roundup is also problematic for humans and the environment. When speaking though about feeding what will soon be 9 billion people there isn't a perfect answer with our current level of technology. Humans will have an impact regardless, but we can do a lot to substantially reduce that impact from where it is currently.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

What was the argument?

It's in the video! your earlier comment feels like a fast-llm generated what-about-ism, which isn't great for a actual discussion, also just dropping 3 "link" at the bottom doesn't really inform well. Next time ask your LLM to format using lemmy markdown and footnote syntax.

The green house gas argument makes assumptions about inputs into cattle, doesn't account for soil sequestration and ruminants in their natural environment being part of a net neutral biocycle.

Humans will have an impact regardless, but we can do a lot to substantially reduce that impact from where it is currently.

YES! We need to make people healthy, sick people ARE VERY EXPENSIVE. Metabolic heath should be the number one goal, even before 'optimizing' renewable agriculture. There are nearly a billion type 2 diabetes globally.... we have lots of work to do.

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works -4 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (2 children)

Saying something is from an LLM isn't an argument of the statements. Maybe good for a new fallacy, the llm fallacy. Just because something is or seems to be llm generated does not itself mean the statement is false or true. You're free to link to something that refutes the environmental impact of meat production. The statements above are pulling from those studies and factual sources. I guess we can go through and start questioning the methodology they used if you want to actually have a discussion.

[–] xep@discuss.online 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago)

We won't cite studies if you're can't be bothered to write a post, read the studies you'd like to cite for the points you've written yourself, or watch the video in the post that we're supposed to be discussing. There is no useful discussion generated in this way.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 2 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Saying something is from an LLM isn’t an argument of the statements.

Look at what you wrote, tell me truly you wrote that from the top of your head in a few minutes? Your statements were already answered in the lecture posted, so you didn't engage with the post or content.

just because something is or seems to be llm generated does not itself mean the statement is false or true.

The point is if your not even involved enough to form your own arguments and read the sources, why should I as a human spend my time looking at your generated output? Anything I say in response you wont read either, just like you didn't give the lecture your time. It's not reasonable to burn human time on machine generated content.

You’re free to link to something that refutes the environmental impact of meat production.

I did, its the lecture this post is about. your welcome.

I guess we can go through and start questioning the methodology they used if you want to actually have a discussion.

With a human, yes, I'd love a discussion with someone who engages in good faith.

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 1 points 2 days ago (1 children)

I researched, checked the links to confirm the statements, and edited it myself. If it's not to your preferred diction I can change it for you. I think we can have a discussion about those statements and what you believe in your post refutes them all.

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 3 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago)

I think we can have a discussion about those statements and what you believe in your post refutes them all.

Great, Zoe's lecture addresses it better then I can.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 1 points 2 days ago (1 children)

DeepSeek 4 pro says regenerative farmed beef is between 0 and 240kg/year per person/food. That's far less than your ~4 kg / day = 1.4 tonne pa

We don't recommend grain finished beef here, we don't recommend factory farmed beef feed chemically fertilized grass

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 2 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Do you have a link to the source by chance? For the global population of 8.3 and soon to be 9 billion and the current demand for meat I'm not sure there's much of an option. There's simply not enough earth for such a diet for the majority of people. I do think though there's a very strong argument to make for insect based protein and lab grown meat, particularly as the technology matures.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 1 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

I didn't ask for sources, but it seems to make sense. Regenerative farming is carbon negative, that's why those farms get a significant part of their income from carbon credits.

I know that I don't imagine we could quickly adapt to feeding the world beef even though it's the food with the fewest deaths per meal using the best meat environmentally speaking

But I also know the world can't be vegan, Indian poor people can't afford bacterial B12 and that costs less than beer. We can't afford to feed 8 billion people whatever we do; America has trouble feeding 0.3 billion

Australia can feed its entire population beef or lamb, so could America. Both countries would have much better health if they did

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 1 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Like anything to support your statements would be appreciated. I think you think nutritional yeast is far more expensive than it actually is. Also I'm not saying everyone has to be completely plant based. Once again there's a very strong argument to make for insect based protein sources and lab grown meat, particularly once the technology matures.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 1 points 2 days ago (1 children)

I said "cheaper than beer" homebrew beer costs on the order of $Au0.30 per half litre, you produce about a kilogram of excess yeast in a 60L batch

And yet India's economic vegans cannot afford vitamin B12

I'm not saying it's expensive, I'm saying they are incredibly poor. I think we'd even have trouble feeding them enough insect sourced protein

Lab grown meat is so far proving hard, preventing infection being the most difficult point. Meanwhile an actual cow needs feedstock of grass (as opposed to a factory) has its own immune system, drinks from streams not town water

I can't see any advantage of lab meat aside from it having no brain, but no one cares about killing things with brains - there was a recent mouse plague in Australia and stronger poisons were authorised

There were no audible complaints about the billion extra deaths, only about what part of those poisons would make it into the wheat supply

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

Insect based protein is very cheap to produce. Producing a pound of edible insects requires about 12 times less feed than producing the same amount of beef, and a fraction of the water. 100g of beef sirloin provides about 19-26g of protein, while 100g of crickets yields about 8-25g depending on the species and processing. Insects are cold-blooded so they don't waste energy maintaining a high body temperature. Insects can convert 2 kg of feed into 1 kg of insect mass, whereas cattle require about 8 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of body weight gain.

link

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Now to counterpoint, it's a developing market so outside of areas where this is already common it's a specialty item currently. Now if a country actually had an issue with feeding and limited resources then crickets, mealworms, and grasshoppers would be a much more environmentally friendly and efficient way to source non-plant protein.

Now as for B12 you'll get about 1.2ug/$1 with beef sold around $9.25 per lb and you'll get 21.4ug/$1 with nutritional yeast sold at $18 per lb. Fundamentally the B12 in beef is produced by bacteria in the cows stomach. Similarly the B12 in nutritional yeast is produced from Pseudomonas denitrificans or Propionibacterium freudenreichii). So in essence one could just cut the middlemen out of both and get B12 directly from B12 producing bacteria where the cost of 1ug is about $0.0000015 or $0.0.0000018 to get the same amount one could get per $1 from beef priced at $9.25 per pound.

As for lab grown meat, the technology will mature. It'll be a very important technology for humanity if we ever decide to build permanent space colonies or more likely to happen sooner, the biosphere collapses due to humanities mismanagement of the environment.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 3 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Insects have too little fat

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 0 points 2 days ago (2 children)

Sure, there are many sources of fat. People naturally and normally eat more than one food item. We're not beating thermodynamics anytime soon. Anytime there's a conversion of energy from one form into another there is a loss and when we're speaking about growing animals to eat such as cows it's a substantial loss of around 90%, that is only around 10% of the energy in the feed gets converted into beef we eat. So instead of growing food to feed people we are growing food to feed animals to feed people and outside of circumstances such as recovering waste energy in land used for cows or livestock that isn't displacing natural habitat (like cutting down Brazilian rainforest) we will be at a loss. It's not anyone's fault, it's just physics.

[–] xep@discuss.online 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

If you don't consider nutrient bioavailability. I don't blame you because it's the mainstream feel-good opinion, but the position you espouse is highly reductionist and frankly ridiculous. The higher up the food chain you go, the more efficient you get per unit of nutrition because you're leveraging the work done in the prior steps of the chain.

Put simply, you can eat all grass you like as a human being and not get any nutrition, while someone eating some fatty beef to satiety will get all the nutrition they need.

But do you know what? Dr Harcombe addresses all of this in her video, much more eloquently than I can. Please, if you want to continue posting in this community, do us a courtesy and watch the video that is the subject of discussion.

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

I get what you're trying to say but it's not physically possible to get something for nothing. Cows aren't breaking the laws of thermodynamics. Also I'm not saying people would eat grass, typically the food we grow for livestock isn't meant for human consumption. That same field can produce other food or be left to nature because we wouldn't need it to begin with. Once again if it's otherwise waste energy in a location that isn't displacing wildlife then it's an absolute win as far as energy capture. I think that's the idea you're trying to get at.

The gap in bioavailability is much smaller than the gap in energy loss. You're not going to get something for nothing aka it's a net loss. It'll be an increase of 10% to 20% in bioavailability but you have to pay a 90% (97% in the case of beef) loss to get that 20%. Once again there's a very strong argument for insect based protein which nearly mitigates all the issues and drops this loss substantially to almost 50% while providing the same bioavailability. Also ultimately lab grown meat once the technology matures will likely be as if not more efficient than current traditional plant farming and less environmentally destructive than livestock and likely current farming.

[–] xep@discuss.online 2 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago)

It’ll be an increase of 10% to 20% in bioavailability.

This is untrue. I am replying for the sake of others in this conversation, because Zephyr is no longer allowed to post in this community after multiple attempts to get him to watch the video that we're supposed to be discussing.

Here're a handful of comparisons for bioavailability across animal sourced foods (ASF) and plant sourced foods (PSF).

  • Iron: Heme form: 25-30%. Non-heme, 2-3%. This is a 1000% increase.
  • Zinc: ASF: 1.7 PSF: 1, 70% increase. However, anti-nutrients such as phytic acid that are only found in PSFs inhibit zinc absorption, sometimes almost entirely.
  • Vitamin B12: only available from ASF
  • Vitamin A: ASF: 12, PSF: 1 (carotenoids convert into retinol at a 12:1 ratio on average). 1200% increase.
  • Choline: highest concentrations in ASF

Additionally there are essential fatty acids and amino acids required for growth, development and health. DHA and EPA are only found in fish and some sea vegetables. There are also unique bioactive compounds only available in ASF: creatine, anserine, taurine, cysteamine, 4-hydroxypoline, carnosine, and many others. None are bioavailable from PSFs.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 2 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

cows are inefficient

"It's raining soup and we're short on buckets" to quote sci fi on the subject of solar energy

Cows eat stored sunlight, I don't give a shit how much energy it takes to make a kilo of meat when the energy comes from grass

There are many sources of fat

Only a few that are healthy, with ruminant fat being the leader by far

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 0 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (2 children)

I wish the environment and non-human organisms shared your opinion. If it's waste energy capture in a location that isn't displacing wildlife then yes it's a total win. If for instance we're destroying an ecosystem to clear land for cattle it's not so amazing. I'll give the example of the mass deforestation of the amazon for cattle.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 3 points 1 day ago (1 children)

You ought to watch the "magic pill" documentary posted today or yesterday to this community. It includes a section on what plants need to grow

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 1 points 1 day ago (1 children)

You're not going to beat thermodynamics. I understand mono crops and GMOs are problematic. It's never been my argument that plant food production is problem free. The majority of crops grown in the US are for livestock. Many more people could be fed with the same land usage or land usage could be drastically decreased. We're simply not going to get something for free, there's no way to get more energy out than you put in, much less after converting it.

The majority of crops grown in the US are for livestock

this can't be true

[–] psud@aussie.zone 3 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (1 children)

Have you seen the amount of wild land cleared for grain? Maybe turn the great plains of America back into grazing land for ungulates?

Humans clear land for agriculture. Always have. The only solution is fewer people, but religious extremists are restricting birth control and America is happy for those to be in charge

[–] Zephyr@sh.itjust.works 1 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

It's physics, livestock require more energy than plants. To produce the same food calories of crops people eat in the form of meat you would need more land than the crops themselves. At minimum you would need more crops than what we grow now and more land for more livestock. The majority of our crops now are grown to feed livestock. If we weren't eating meat we could drastically reduce our resource usage to feed people. It's almost like the food equivalent of the rocket equation aka more fuel means more mass means you need more fuel which means more mass and so on. Although that's not a perfect analogy but you get the idea.

Physics is simply not going to give you something for free. Cows aren't breaking thermodynamics anytime soon. Simply put we could feed far more people with the same land usage or reduce our land usage by over half if we weren't eating meat.

[–] psud@aussie.zone 2 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

@jet@hackertalks.com please ban this idiot

Ed don't bother, I'll do it

[–] jet@hackertalks.com 1 points 1 day ago

good call....

Zephyr - 13 hours, 11 comments, 1500 words written... and still hasn't even glanced at the post content, clearly bad faith