The closest thing I can think of is Canadian Highlander, but it doesn't tick the last item on your list and it only is cheap if you proxy.
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That's kind of what I feared. Although I guess in this case, a "bring whatever you got" would wind up being just zero point canlander decks, so maybe that's fine. This is meant to be fairly casual anyway.
Honestly, that sounds like a great way to get into it.
I’d just ask someone if they want to play with budget commander decks. Shuffle the commander into the deck and play.
Wouldn't commander decks make for pretty slow, boring 1v1 matches though?
How slow it would be really depends on your deck. You’d want to choose a deck that doesn’t require actually casting your commander and can function normally with the 99 cards, just with your creature in the deck instead of the command zone.
Could also play with 20 life instead of 40 life to help speed things up.