The "tax the rich" thingy is actually a neoliberal policy to increase government tax revenue by taxing some financial operations related to exchange rate. Most of the people affected will be middle class, not the rich. The government has already stepped back from taxing investment operations in foreign countries (which would target mostly rich people, and specially - financial institutions).
The other policy, the increase of the ceiling of the first revenue tax bracket is a good policy, though. The problem is that the government will still tax middle class people in other ways.
The reason the government wants to do this, however, is to throw some crumbs to the people in order to get re-elected in the 2026 elections. This increase in tax revenue won't be translated into public investment, since the workers' party pushed a fiscal policy early in 2023 to limit government spending increase.
The Brazilian workers' party strategy is to distract the left militancy so they still rally around the party for the next elections (so they don't leave the workers' party for another party), while at the same time they maintain their neoliberal agenda that supports the interest of the big financial sector and banks.
Lula is revealing himself as a sneaky bastard, and a shackle to an actually radical leftist agenda.