If you don't mind doing command-line stuff and setting up Task Scheduler under Windows, rclone is a fantastic command-line backup tool that should do exactly what you want automatically. Since you mention having used Mint before I think you should be okay here.

The exclude and include config file format needs a precise format though. To save you some time and headaches here's the short version to get you started.

If you want to exclude a folder, you need to specific the exact path plus a trailing "/**". Not really intuitive, so this is why I like to always mention it when I recommend rclone. My example here is using Linux paths but it works the same under Windows. I have it saved under "~/.config/rclone/exclude.txt". Here's a few lines from mine:

.cache/**
.local/share/Trash/**

As long as I run the backup script in my home directory like this:

rclone --size-only --exclude-from ~/.config/rclone/exclude.txt sync /home/realusername onlinebackupcrypt1:backup

This will sync all files with changed sizes, excluding what is in the text file above, from my home folder to an encrypted online backup.

"Size-only" makes sure that the comparison doesn't consider access time of a file, just if the size changed.

"Exclude-from" reads in that file above one line at a time to exclude files or folders. You can put it anywhere you like so long as you use the right filename in the command. This is good for making sure that caches, temp folders, trash folders, etc. don't get synced.

"Sync" means upload and overwrite changed files, and delete files remotely that have been deleted locally.

"/home/realusername" is the source, in this case my home folder.

"onlinebackupcrypt1:backup" is using a folder called "backup" in a previously set up destination called "onlinebackupcrypt1".

To set up a destination just type "rclone config" and it will walk you through it. It's dead simple. In your case your destination will be of the type "local".

The encrypted backup is a great feature of rclone, especially for online services. It uses a sort of encrypted overlay on top of any destination that's been previously set up, whether an online service or a local drive. It encrypts file and folder names as well. For example, you can set up a Google drive as a backup destination, and then create an encrypted destination on top of that Google drive destination. The encryption is then completely automatic using a key you choose. Google will have no idea what you're storing.