I saw a lot of names, canon, and not canon, I know there is constitution and sovereign class, it can have names of locations of earth.
Lower decks ship is the Cerritos, which is a "California" class, together with other ones which I presume have name cities or provinces of that state, but since Lower Decks is more comedy, I start to have doubts about the true canon name and ranks of each ship, since the fanpages and wikis put ships which are doubtly canon.
Most of the time are just names like Rio Grande, but I think that was a shuttlecraft or a runabout.
So still, I don't get the criteria of ranks of names for the ships in general.
This are the kind of doubts I have when I try to understand things related with the lore.
EDIT: So, reading a bit, historically aircraft carrier enterprise was class Nimitz because, well, they like the name, so I can give an idea how can work in Star Trek. I didn't know ships have "class" and random names, I always thought it was more logically choosen. Like, they make 10 ships which are from one class, and given with a name for each one, probably throwing a bottle on it.
Sumarise: Now I know ships has random names and class with all similar ships, but class is not equal of ranks or something. Like hierarchy, that's why I didn't get it.
I didn't know all of this before posting this.
I think it was declaration. I can’t even find a copy of the text anywhere. I don’t remember what it said exactly, and I was there!