this post was submitted on 02 Apr 2026
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[–] The_Picard_Maneuver@lemmy.world 5 points 5 days ago (2 children)

I was going to say, if Portuguese is like Spanish, it's "anus" without the tilde over the n, right?

[–] idiomaddict@lemmy.world 6 points 5 days ago (1 children)

Portuguese doesn’t really have a tilde, but that’s what the h following an n (or an L) is there to indicate

[–] lvxferre@mander.xyz 1 points 4 days ago

It does have a tilde but it's mostly used over vowels, to represent nasalisation; e.g.

  • ⟨mão⟩ /mãw/ [mɜ̃ʊ̯̃] "hand" vs. ⟨mau⟩ /maw/ [mäʊ̯] "bad"
  • ⟨mãe⟩ /mãj/ [mɜ̃ɪ̯̃] "mother"
  • ⟨limões⟩ /li'mõjs/ [li.'mõɪ̯̃s] "lemons"
  • ⟨vã⟩ /vã/ [vɜ̃] "vain" (F)

For /ɲ/ (the phoneme written "ñ" in Spanish) it's as you said, though: it's spelled "nh" instead.

[–] lvxferre@mander.xyz 1 points 4 days ago* (last edited 4 days ago)

For that pair of words (ES año vs. PT ano) this works, but note the correspondence gets really messy, it depends on the etymology of the word. A quick run-down would be:

Origin Spanish Portuguese Example
Late Latin */nj/ /ɲ/ ⟨ñ⟩ /ɲ/ ⟨nh⟩ Latin balneum → baneum → *banjʊ̃ → ES baño, PT banho "bath"
Latin /gn/ [ŋn] /ɲ/ ⟨ñ⟩ /ɲ/ ⟨nh⟩ can't recall an example both kept, but Latin agnum → PT anho /ɲ/ "lamb" (archaic)
Latin /n:/ /ɲ/ ⟨ñ⟩ /n/ ⟨n⟩ Latin annum → ES año, PT ano "year"

Then for Latin intervocalic /n/ Spanish simply keeps it. Portuguese initially converts it into vowel nasalisation, but then changes it further on, it's a bit messy:

  • corōnam /n/ → ES corona /n/, PT corõa /Ṽ/→coroa Ø "crown"
  • num /n/ → ES pino /n/, PT pĩo /Ṽ/→pinho /ɲ/ "pine"
  • manum /n/ → ES mano /n/, PT mão /Ṽ/ "hand"

For ES "ano" anus and PT "ânus" anus this doesn't work, though. Portuguese didn't inherit the word, but reborrowed it. And perhaps to avoid making it sound like "ano" (year), kept the Latin nominative ending. (If the word was inherited it would end as *ão or something like this.)