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Yes, and these are the words that most likely appear in the retrospective survey results on which these studies are undoubtedly based. My point was that equating a set of words that describe end products (like 'burgers', or 'chicken soup') with a set of words that describe preparation ('ultra processed', or 'minimally processed') is not at all straightforward. Any word (or at least many) in one set could be mapped to almost any in the second set. I just chose 'burger' out of convenience. If you told me you had chicken soup for lunch, could I automatically know if it was ultra processed or not? Would a researcher know?
I have a feeling people can tell the difference between home made chicken soup and Campbell's if they really try hard.
Sure, the person eating it can probably tell. But often that information isn't collected in the survey being used in a study. Standardized questionnaires don't necessarily capture this information. Some of these studies are built on old datasets because they are looking for long term affects. Sometimes all you have is 'burger', or 'chicken soup'. Sometimes you have even less than that. Sometimes all you have are the answers to questions like, "In the past six months, how many times per week did you eat red or processed meat?".
Now, sure, some studies are based on surveys that collect information about the level of processing, but these have issues too, ranging from moving the interpretation of what processed is over to the subjects of the study, to protocols that include verbose food diaries that no participant could be expected to adhere to for long.
Sure but most people aren't making their own burgers or soups.
Like yeah some of them might own meat grinders and have a butcher down the street, but for the majority you'd be lucky if they even fried up their own (likely ultra processed) bubba burger. They're going to in and out and McDonald's.