It's not a fully controlled environment, that is the point of smokes.
My team has just decided to make working smokes a mandatory part of merging a PR. If the smokes don't work on your branch, it doesn't merge to main. I'm somewhat conflicted - on one hand, we had frequent breaks in the smokes that developers didn't fix, including ones that represented real production issues. On the other, smokes can fail for no reason and are time consuming to run.
We use playwright, running on github actions. The default free tier runner has been awful, and we're moving to larger runners on the platform. We have a retry policy on any smokes that need to run in a step by step order, and we aggressively prune and remove smokes that frequently fail or don't test for real issues.
We use a little bit of property testing to test invariants with fuzzed data. Mutation testing seems like a neat inverse.
I think the best thing to do with TDD is pair with or convince devs to try it for a feature. Coming at things test first can be novel and interesting, and it does train you to test and use tests better. Once people have tried it, I think it broadens your use of tests pretty well.
However, TDD can be a bit of a cult, and most smart and independent people (like people willing to work at a <20 person company) will notice that TDD isn't the silver bullet it's proponents make it out to be.
JSON5 is a superset of JSON that supports comments.
XML would be great if it wasn't for the extended XML universe of namespaces and imports.
"It takes years" seems like the most reasonable alternative to forcing my coworkers to TDD or not merge code.
I think that getting people into the benefits of testing is something that's really worthwhile. Building out some of these test suites - especially the end to end tests- were some really eye opening experiences that gave me a lot of insight into the product. "Submit a test with your bugfix" is another good practice - getting the error the first time prevents a regression from creeping in.
I've had some luck at using AI to get over the hump of the first "does this component work" test - it's easy to detect stuff that needs to be mocked and put in stub mocks using GPT. GPT is horrible at writing good tests, but often it's harder to write that first one than the meaningful tests.
His manager at least had the decency to warn him ahead of time about the PIP. Still - it seems mostly about forcing him out of his remote position.
Github actions is good for us, but honestly just because that's where our code is.
Cloud, and really any vendor specific stuff, is tough to keep up with both in terms of learning and creating training materials. You're better off getting it straight from amazon, google or other practitioners. See if you can find some smaller conferences in your area, and if you can spend training budget on that.
Obviously $200 isn't much, but coursera might be a better bang for your buck than some other systems. Learning core skills will help you level up, while a lot of Udemy and similar content will just keep you on the same track you would have been on.
If you want to level up your game, find a new job, or grow into a new role, by all means take a course or training on your own time. All of the concerns that you listed are probably worth spending dedicated time to upskill on.
If you stay in this field for much longer, you're going to run into a lot of cases where the thing you've been doing is replaced with the New Thing. The New Thing will have a couple new ideas, but will also fundamentally handle the same concerns as your Old Thing, often in similar ways. Don't spend your free time chasing the New Thing without getting something out of it - getting paid, making a project that you wanted to make anyways, contributing to New Thing open source projects.
If you sink work into the New Thing without anyone willing to pay for it, that's fine, but it means that you might never get someone to pay for it. Most companies are more than willing to hire experienced Old Thing devs on New Thing jobs, and will give you some time to skill up.