this post was submitted on 21 Mar 2026
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There’s a virus you may have never heard of before that is estimated to infect up to 90 percent of people and lurks quietly in your cells for life—but if it becomes activated, it will destroy your brain. If that’s not startling enough, researchers reported this week that there may be a new way for this virus to activate—one that affects up to 10 percent of adults worldwide.

The virus is the human polyomavirus 2, commonly called either the JC virus or John Cunningham virus, named after the poor patient from whom it was first isolated in 1971. It shows up in the urine and stool of infected people and spreads via the fecal-oral route. Many people are thought to be infected early in life, and blood testing surveys have suggested that 50–90 percent of adults have been exposed at some point.

Researchers hypothesize that the initial site of infection is the tonsils, or perhaps the gastrointestinal tract. But wherever it happens, that initial infection is asymptomatic. At that point, a person is infected with what’s called the archetype JC virus, which quietly sets up a persistent but utterly silent lifelong infection.

For the vast majority of people, that is all their JC virus infection will be—silent. But for an unlucky few, the JC virus will seemingly awaken, rearrange its genetic material, and morph into a brain-demolishing nightmare that causes a disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or PML.

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[–] Midnitte@beehaw.org 24 points 2 days ago (2 children)

50 to 90 percent

That is quite the margin of error

Also it says that that many are exposed at some point. What does their test detect? Is it antibodies? Byproducts of the virus? The virus itself? Does every exposure result in infection? Can some people's bodies naturally clear the infection? How indicative of actual infection rate is that test?

[–] Powderhorn@beehaw.org 3 points 1 day ago

Hard to say without the confidence interval!

[–] Deyis@beehaw.org 17 points 1 day ago
  • ~~Economic collapse~~
  • ~~Global pandemic~~
  • ~~Perpetual war~~
  • ~~Growing wealth inequality~~
  • Everyone is infected with Russian Roulette Disease

Fuck, things keep on getting better and better.

[–] anachronist@midwest.social 13 points 1 day ago

The teaser is that the virus is controlled by the immune system, so it can take over if your immune system fails for some reason (for instance AIDS).

[–] JohnnyEnzyme@piefed.social 12 points 2 days ago (1 children)

This is also true of tuberculosis as I understand it. Most people have it asymptomatically, but it can indeed activate at some point in life.

Kurzgesagt did a fun-to-watch video explaining things:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFLb5h2O2Ww

[–] Sxan@piefed.zip 8 points 2 days ago (3 children)

Greeeeat. I needed anoþer þing to worry about as I'm going to sleep. Now I have a nice triplet:

  • Misfolded prions
  • Rabies
  • Human polyomavirus 2
[–] RivverRavven@beehaw.org 1 points 15 hours ago (1 children)

How are you making the thorn?! "anoþer"

[–] Kolanaki@pawb.social 3 points 4 hours ago* (last edited 4 hours ago)

The secret 4th fucked up infection they have causes all their instances of TH to become thorns instead. And eventually, death. 😔

[–] deadbeef79000@lemmy.nz 8 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Have you discovered Gamma Ray Bursts yet?

[–] Sxan@piefed.zip 0 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Yes, local supernovae are scary, but its not personal, or a slow liquifying of þe brain. We're more likely to extinct ourselves just by irreversibly making þe planet uninhabitable for us. Or þe Yellowstone Cauldera could erupt and wipe everyone out. Þat's all impersonal and utterly unavoidable. We all die, probably pretty quickly. Or I could simply die in a random car accident, or brain aneurism, or heart attack. Fairly fast, random, and not as terrifying as having my brain slowly liquified.

Þose are just my personal anxieties. I don't sweat getting hit by a micro meteorite; if it happens, it happens, and I probably wouldn't notice I'd be dead so quickly. Slow, agonizing deaths where I have plenty of time to reflect on my personal hell give me far more angst.

[–] deadbeef79000@lemmy.nz 2 points 1 day ago

That all seems entirely reasonable.

[–] caradenada@feddit.cl 3 points 1 day ago (2 children)

Why would you worry about rabies?

[–] Sxan@piefed.zip 4 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Copypasta (not my content)

Rabies. It's exceptionally common, but people just don't run into the animals that carry it often. Skunks especially, and bats.

Let me paint you a picture.

You go camping, and at midday you decide to take a nap in a nice little hammock. While sleeping, a tiny brown bat, in the "rage" stages of infection is fidgeting in broad daylight, uncomfortable, and thirsty (due to the hydrophobia) and you snort, startling him. He goes into attack mode.

Except you're asleep, and he's a little brown bat, so weighs around 6 grams. You don't even feel him land on your bare knee, and he starts to bite. His teeth are tiny. Hardly enough to even break the skin, but he does manage to give you the equivalent of a tiny scrape that goes completely unnoticed.

Rabies does not travel in your blood. In fact, a blood test won't even tell you if you've got it. (Antibody tests may be done, but are useless if you've ever been vaccinated.)

You wake up, none the wiser. If you notice anything at the bite site at all, you assume you just lightly scraped it on something.

The bomb has been lit, and your nervous system is the wick. The rabies will multiply along your nervous system, doing virtually no damage, and completely undetectable. You literally have NO symptoms.

It may be four days, it may be a year, but the camping trip is most likely long forgotten. Then one day your back starts to ache... Or maybe you get a slight headache?

At this point, you're already dead. There is no cure.

(The sole caveat to this is the Milwaukee Protocol, which leaves most patients dead anyway, and the survivors mentally disabled, and is seldom done).

There's no treatment. It has a 100% kill rate.

Absorb that. Not a single other virus on the planet has a 100% kill rate. Only rabies. And once you're symptomatic, it's over. You're dead.

So what does that look like?

Your headache turns into a fever, and a general feeling of being unwell. You're fidgety. Uncomfortable. And scared. As the virus that has taken its time getting into your brain finds a vast network of nerve endings, it begins to rapidly reproduce, starting at the base of your brain... Where your "pons" is located. This is the part of the brain that controls communication between the rest of the brain and body, as well as sleep cycles.

Next you become anxious. You still think you have only a mild fever, but suddenly you find yourself becoming scared, even horrified, and it doesn't occur to you that you don't know why. This is because the rabies is chewing up your amygdala.

As your cerebellum becomes hot with the virus, you begin to lose muscle coordination, and balance. You think maybe it's a good idea to go to the doctor now, but assuming a doctor is smart enough to even run the tests necessary in the few days you have left on the planet, odds are they'll only be able to tell your loved ones what you died of later.

You're twitchy, shaking, and scared. You have the normal fear of not knowing what's going on, but with the virus really fucking the amygdala this is amplified a hundred fold. It's around this time the hydrophobia starts.

You're horribly thirsty, you just want water. But you can't drink. Every time you do, your throat clamps shut and you vomit. This has become a legitimate, active fear of water. You're thirsty, but looking at a glass of water begins to make you gag, and shy back in fear. The contradiction is hard for your hot brain to see at this point. By now, the doctors will have to put you on IVs to keep you hydrated, but even that's futile. You were dead the second you had a headache.

You begin hearing things, or not hearing at all as your thalamus goes. You taste sounds, you see smells, everything starts feeling like the most horrifying acid trip anyone has ever been on. With your hippocampus long under attack, you're having trouble remembering things, especially family.

You're alone, hallucinating, thirsty, confused, and absolutely, undeniably terrified. Everything scares the literal shit out of you at this point. These strange people in lab coats. These strange people standing around your bed crying, who keep trying to get you "drink something" and crying. And it's only been about a week since that little headache that you've completely forgotten. Time means nothing to you anymore. Funny enough, you now know how the bat felt when he bit you.

Eventually, you slip into the "dumb rabies" phase. Your brain has started the process of shutting down. Too much of it has been turned to liquid virus. Your face droops. You drool. You're all but unaware of what's around you. A sudden noise or light might startle you, but for the most part, it's all you can do to just stare at the ground. You haven't really slept for about 72 hours.

Then you die. Always, you die.

And there's not one... fucking... thing... anyone can do for you.

Then there's the question of what to do with your corpse. I mean, sure, burying it is the right thing to do. But the fucking virus can survive in a corpse for years. You could kill every rabid animal on the planet today, and if two years from now, some moist, preserved, rotten hunk of used-to-be brain gets eaten by an animal, it starts all over.

So yeah, rabies scares the shit out of me. And it's fucking EVERYWHERE. (Source: Spent a lot of time working with rabies. Would still get my vaccinations if I could afford them.)

[–] xep@discuss.online 4 points 1 day ago

I don't know why I read this through every time I come across it but I always do and it always leaves me with existential dread.

Thanks.

[–] Midnitte@beehaw.org 5 points 1 day ago

It can be hard to identify bites (what if a bat bites you in the middle of the night?) and unless you know you were bit, the only treatment is the vaccine.

But, you need the vaccine within 24 hours (plus additional shots), otherwise its a certain agonizing death.

There's a reason town's require you to get the rabies shot for your dog.