Explanation: The Muslim-dominated Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire are all sometimes known as the Gunpowder Empires for their extensive and successful use of a then-new technology, gunpowder, to expand their domains and consolidate their existing holdings.
All three would hit different rocks on the road to modernity.
The Ottomans would never fully economically recover from the damn Euros figuring out how to make long-distance naval voyages. Europe being able to access Asia by sailing around Africa (or the Americas) destroyed the prior Ottoman monopoly on eastern trade that funded their government, and the Ottomans would slowly stagnate after the 1600s.
The Safavids would run into the core issue of having never fucking reformed their fundamentally ad hoc feudal government system and be slowly subsumed and effectively vassalized by their Russian and Ottoman neighbors.
The Mughals would fare the best, running into the 18th century as the foremost industrial/economic power in the world, a center of culture and technology. Unfortunately, deep and long-standing ethnic tensions would eventually shatter the central government in that same century, leaving India a collection of princely states just in time for the Euros to come sniffing around, looking for colonial concessions.