Speaking for India, stuff that is done by tradies in the west is usually done by informally trained workers who have no union backing or worker rights. There isn't any institution around trade union work whatsoever. So tradie-adjacents are just as precarious as the underemployed college graduates. The situation is wholly different from how it is in the west, so I don't know how to contextualise it eloquently. But I can say that the "vocational/academic friction" does not exist for better or (most likely) for worse.
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Didn't the government start some kind of trade school scheme?
You mean PMKVY? I don't know much about it.
Yeah, that.
That is not comparable to a trade school. It is geared towards unemployed and/or dropouts so that they may acquire a skill they can eke a living out with. I see courses like shoesmithing (cobbling) and "search engjne marketing executive" so it seems pretty broad spectrum.
In Brazil the public university sector is much more valued, but also ironically more restrictive than the private one. So you have upper middle-class (or very lucky poor) people who can get public education and get great job opportunities afterwards, and the majority either having no higher education or taking loans for lower quality private degrees.
Though the tuition fees are nowhere as offensive as the ones in the US. Besides that, our equivalent of a trade degree is a technical or professional degree, which is usually at max 2 years of training. It makes for good employment opportunities and many public institutions offer it for free. I think the main problem with the US is how commodified education is in general.