Linux

I got myself an old EEE PC for exactly that purpose. (Except, substitute python with lua).

8h battery life, cost me €20 and does what it's supposed to. Just make sure you get one with an Atom N280 or better. The popular N270 is 32bit only, and more and more programs are dropping 32bit support. Some of them you can DIY compile for 32bit, some you really don't want to.

(For example, compiling Node on an Atom N270 takes around 3 days.)

I had one with an N270 first and replaced it with one with an N450 to get 64bit.

Maxed it out with 2GB RAM, a cheapo €10 SSD that maxes out SATA and overclocked it to 2GHz.

It's not fast by any stretch of the imagination, but it's totally ok for editing text files with Kate and compiling with platformio.

Don’t know where you are from, but I got a MacBook Pro 2015 for 150 and it can be forced to the latest macOS or just any distro of your liking. I will say that it can get quite hot and it’s recommended to switch the cooling paste and clean the fan.

For a cheap device it works fine and in this price bracket a better screen is barely possible.

I do have a surface book 2 that I will sell between 150 and 200, but I think Linux support is finicky at best. I ran popos on it, but there are just a bunch of things which would work a lot better on other devices

Do they sell ASUS in your area? I bought a 2nd hand 14" Vivobook with a Ryzen 5 GPU and it runs Fedora 42 like a champ. First laptop I've ever owned that I don't worry about overheating. It's been my chuck-it-in-a-backpack travel machine for two years with no problems.

Just popped Arch on a Thinkpad Carbon X1 gen8. There about 300 on eBay. Great decision

I use Arch btw

Used DELL 5310. Intel 10th-gen, 60Whr battery (goes 8+ working hours on a charge) often 16GB RAM and at least a 256GB SSD at that price range. Upgradeable (DDR4, NVMe) too.

I'm in the UK, and I've had decent laptops from rapidIT and ITZoo, both .co.uk as far as I remember. I can't remember which laptop I got from Rapid as it was a few years ago, but the first one had a faulty motherboard, and they swapped the laptop with no issues.

I had a Stonebook branded Clevo N750BU from ITZoo, which is an i7 based laptop, and Mint works perfectly on it. It's quite old now, so you'll probably get a newer one for your budget, but with a RAM upgrade it runs everything I throw at it. I use it for designing and editing logos in Inkscape and Krita, and for editing a website in html, css, and javascript, so anything newer should do it even better :)

Thinkpad x1 carbon gen 6, or if you're willing to up your budget a bit, a x13 is also a great fit.

Try Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 5.

small tuxedo computer

Considering your budget of 200 GBP / 250USD, I would recommend laptops meant for school. There are plenty of refurbished laptops out there with a decent battery condition and overall state for sale around €100. Most of these machines aren't more powerful than most entry level Chromebooks and often have a Pentium or Celeron CPU, but that's a tradeoff you'll have to make. Another advantage is that they usually come with a touch screen and decent display, which is nice if you're out and about.

If you're going to hang out in coffeeshops just get whatever has a clearly visible Apple logo and spend the rest of your money on a beanie, airpods and fake glasses.

A Chromebook?

Not sure if it's available where you're located, but did find this listing. https://a.co/d/bztqux3

I'm loving the new Snapdragon laptops, especially if you don't have any heavy (read: gaming) workloads!