I would wait the minimum of 6 weeks and then if it doesn't seem inflamed you can start trying out different jewelry.
It depends on how much inflammation you get when you switch the piercings - you want to avoid anything that causes inflammation. If there is inflammation in response to trying different earrings, maybe put the posts back in and let it heal longer.
Spraying the site with sterile saline (like in the shower) is a good way to keep it clean and anecdotally it seemed to help bring down my inflammation - doing that once in the morning and once in the evening can really help.
I think it's important you clean your jewelry really well before putting it in (70% isopropyl alcohol does the trick).
Also make sure you're still wearing the post at night when you sleep so the hole doesn't close.
In those early days you might want to make sure the material of any jewelry you try on is hypoallergenic and safe for healing, ideally surgical steel or titanium. (Avoid brass, silver, or gold.)
EDIT: and my top advice would be to look up the best piercing place near you and give them a visit. If they're good, they should have lots of surgical steel and titanium pieces you can buy, and they should be able to answer your questions about jewelry that would be safe to wear while it's still healing, and they can look at your ears and make recommendations.
You're looking for a place where the piercers are all trained (bonus for medical training), licensed, and engaged in continuing education.