I am sorry but you aren't good at tech stuff if you are having these issues. It's common knowledge that macOS and Windows don't use the same file system, why would you assume Linux is any different? macOS meanwhile can't write to Windows partitions at all by default. Windows can't even read Linux ones. Linux is actually the good guy here, it can read and write to Windows partitions, and even read macOS ones I believe.

Backing up all your stuff before formatting or reinstalling is common practice. You tried to get away from that by using multiple drives without actually thinking through the consequences.

Also using Fat32 is a terrible idea. Use ExFAT, or better yet just use a real Linux file system and be done with it. Honestly you could have stuck with NTFS and it would work better than trying to use FAT32.

This is like amateur hour for running servers.

Up until this point your arguments sort of made sense. You do tend to run into more issues on Linux than Windows, primarily because of the lack of support from third parties but sometimes because of Linux distro shenanigans too, and the community is kind of toxic. But my god this last couple comments reframe it all. Your trying to do things beyond your understanding then blaming Linux when they go wrong. By the sounds of it you aren't even running RAID or have any kind of data integrity/bit rot protection.