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There are more twerks to it than "just' using mariadb and redis. Maybe look into Apache/nginx cacheing,tune your mariadb settings and stuff like that. Had performance-problems with my owncloud-instance, now it runs like a champ
Honestly the official docker images are hot garbage. I used them when I first tried NextCloud and they load incredibly slow. Shelved it for a while, realized there was a bunch of shit they already have that I was looking for, and gave it a go with my own Dockerfile starting from the PHP alpine image. That one runs waaaayyy better.
I have no experience with the docker container, but optimization for the database and nginx/apache cacheing must be made individually depending on number of cpu cores, ram-size, etc etc etc. When overtuning for example your database it can happen that you run out of RAM, which means your system will crash or freeze. Happened to me. I run it "Baremetal" and configured it "the classic way". Tbh, after those optimizations it runs really, really fast and response times are really quick.
I second that. I can't say mine runs fast because my hardware is very modest, but it runs very decently considering it's sharing resources with many other services.
In general, it wouldn't come to my mind to expect good performance by default out of anything pulled from docker. As soon as one starts hosting multiple services and apps simultaneously, containers get in the way or even make impossible proper resource allocation and tuning.
Fair, although I feel like performance should be better OOTB, particularly when I'm just using it as a single user. It is an old and complex application that does a lot, so it is understandable.