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Signal Facing Collapse After CIA Cuts Funding
(kitklarenberg.substack.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
You could run a network like signal, and either charge a small amount of money per message, or a larger amount of money to register with the network.
Hell you could do the WhatsApp model, charge a dollar for new users, the pay for the registration verification. The same thing.
You just need some mechanism to add friction for mass spamming, be that money time or complexity.