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this post was submitted on 18 Oct 2023
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Communism
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There are 2 phases in Soviet History where the answer to this is different.
The first in the Revolutionary phase, from the Spark of Revolution to the death of the Proletarian state i.e. 1917-1956. Before the creation of the USSR. The nations within the Russian Empire had no sovereignty and independence. They were internal colonies of the Russian Nation. Following the October Revolution, each nation within the Russian Empire had formed its own Communist Party and led a united struggle with the Bolsheviks against the White Forces. After the creation of the USSRs and the defeat of the White Forces only did the many nations within the USSR finally enjoy independence, including Finland which even if not a part of the USSR, was still granted independence. All peoples in the USSR enjoyed equal rights as fraternal nations on a single path of Socialism.
The second is the Social-Imperialist phase, from the Anti-Party Coup of 1956 led by Khrushchov and Zhukov till the ceremonial demise of the Soviet State of Affairs. Due to errors in the Party Political Lines since the Stalinist era, the Left Line could not properly combat the Rightist Line in the CPSU(B) and the state had mostly been bureaucratized as a result with many rightist elements taking root in the state since even the 1930s. This resulted in the eventual coup and the destruction of whatever Proletarian elements were left in the party. The Regime transformed into a Social-Imperialist one. This phase constituted many Capitalist Policies being implemented by the state resulting in the anguish of the workers. The constituent SSRs within the Union were also structurally Semi-Colonies along with Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania and Czechoslovakia. While Yugoslavia was a semi colony of the West. Albania persevered as a Proletarian state for a longer duration but still faced a similar issue as Stalin era USSR and its final nail in the coffin was put by Hoxha himself who declared the dogmatic-revisionist position of the PPSH after the death of Chairman Mao.