Late Stage Capitalism
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Introduction to Socialism (external links)
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NVIDIA alone bolds $191B in US treasuries. So that's money the US effectively owes NVIDIA.
What do we want to bet NVIDIA's tax liabilities are for this year?
Yeah but they are not indebted like a govt like you showed in your first post. I hate how stupid that circular "borrowing" is, but it has nothing to do with usa govt borrowing. NVidia are lending, and can choose to sell it off if/when they want to. The usa govt cannot sell off its debt if that makes sense.
No. They're much worse off, as they don't control their own currency or have sovereignty within their own borders.
Governments (ostensibly) borrow money to provide economy-growing amenities and economy-preserving hedges against adversity. All of these loans can be described as investments, with an ROI tied back to national GDP growth and liabilities mitigation. The circular debt patterns of these mega-corps have a similar rationale. Oracle, NVIDIA, and OpenAI are effectively partners in a project to create a value-adding service. Their debt is an accounting tool to allocate future profits, not a drag on their economic activity. Just the opposite. Credit expansion allowed a party to bring more natural, capital, and labor resources to bare in a shorter time frame, in order to obtain profits sooner than otherwise.
To whom?
Nobody else is in the business of producing microprocessors at this scale. NVIDIA extends the loans entirely to incentivize OpenAI to consume more compute, which incentivizes Oracle to build more data centers, which incentivizes NVIDIA to produce more chipsets.
Who else would want this debt? It doesn't serve the same economic end-goal. Who else would have enough currency to assume the debt?