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VIOLENCE AND GENDER Between 37% and 88% of mainstream pornographic scenes include acts of physical aggression (mostly gagging and spanking), most commonly towards female actors with the scene usually suggesting that the recipient was a willing participant.19 20 Women are also more likely than men to be depicted as submissive during sex and as exploited or manipulated into sexual activity.10 20 Despite copious research into the phenomenon over many decades, the direct evidence for how viewing violent pornography impacts on gender-based violence is inconclusive. Experimental studies which involve exposing men to violent pornography have demonstrated an increase in sexual aggression;21 however, the artificiality of the experimental setting limits the validity of these findings in real-world situations. A meta-analysis of nonexperimental studies revealed a significant association between pornography use (particularly of violent pornography) and attitudes supporting violence against women.22 This association cannot be interpreted as causation, however, as men with a disposition towards violence against women are more likely to seek out violent pornography.23 Ecological data from many countries show that the population rate of rape has decreased significantly while pornography use has significantly increased.21 This has led some researchers to hypothesise that exposure to violent pornography is cathartic, diverting sexual aggression away from real-life violence.21 Ecological data, however, are a very weak form of evidence, as changes at a national level over time may be driven by a multitude of other societal factors.

Aus: The impact of pornography on gender-based violence, sexual health and well-being: what do we know? (Nicht frei zugänglich, aber ist in der sci-hub Datenbank)

Die Autor:innen heben aber wiederholt und deutlich hervor, dass es generell sehr schwer ist, das Thema wirklich wissenschaftlich zu testen und Kausalzusammenhänge zu finden.