Its more a human thing: you have a big thing many people are working together to build, you have to organize somehow and make sure the thing actually is being built and does what it needs to do. Good companies do have an overall plan and good communication.

SCRUM is just one of many ways of organizing a project. It in itself isn't really a programming thing even if it is most often used there, the general structure can work for just about every project that can be split in to multiple smaller tasks and sub-projects.

If your programming team is perpetual firefighting and chaos with nobody knowing their roles then that's a sign of a bad organization or a lousy management structure. The last company I worked at was very organized. Status meetings thrice a week, clear seperation of responsibility, a good team lead divying up tasks the cropped up, and good communication between programmers.