Chiefly because the US was involved in the UN.
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And the world powers were far more willing to uphold a pretense of international law, both in how it acted and how it enforced it with other countries.
Then the Soviet Union collapsed, the United States went crazy, and the rest didn't want to spend money upholding the existing system.
Sanctions could hurt League members, so they were reluctant to comply with them.
This led to 2nd WW. And surprise, surprise, we're nearing that situation once again.