Selfhosted

Well people use ansible for a wide variety of things so there's no straightforward answer. It's a Python program, it can in theory do anything, and you'll find people trying to do anything with it. That said, some common ways to replace it include

• you need terraform or pulumi or something for provisioning infrastructure anyway, so a ton of stuff can be done that way instead of using ansible. Infra tools aren't really the same thing, but there are definitely a few neat tricks you can do with them that might save you from reaching for ansible.
• Kubernetes + helm is a big bear to wrestle, but if your company is also a big bear, it's worth doing. K8s will also solve a lot of the same problems as ansible in a more maintainable way.
• Containerization of components is great even if you don't use kubernetes.
• if you're working at the VM level instead of the container level, cloud-init can allow you to take your generic multipurpose image and make it configure itself into whatever you need at boot. Teams sometimes use ansible in the cloud-init architecture, but it's usually doing only a tiny amount of localhost work and no dynamic invetory in that role, so it's a lot nicer there.
• maybe just write a Python program or even a shell script? If your team has development skills at all, a simple bespoke tool to solve a specific problem can be way nicer.