this post was submitted on 03 May 2026
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Mao’s framework of contradictions is key. In classical Marxism, contradictions are hierarchical and shifting. During the 1950s, the primary contradiction for China was indeed imperialism (led by the United States).
But by the 1960s, especially after the Sino-Soviet Split, Mao argued that the Soviet Union itself had become a hegemonic power competing for influence over other socialist and postcolonial countries. China faced concrete security pressures from the USSR, including border tensions that culminated in clashes like the Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969.
From this viewpoint, opposing Soviet “revisionism” was part of preventing the degeneration of socialism into a new ruling-class system.