DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence

Technical Report 👁️

Introduction

We present a preview version of DeepSeek-V4 series, including two strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models — DeepSeek-V4-Pro with 1.6T parameters (49B activated) and DeepSeek-V4-Flash with 284B parameters (13B activated) — both supporting a context length of one million tokens.

DeepSeek-V4 series incorporate several key upgrades in architecture and optimization:

1. Hybrid Attention Architecture: We design a hybrid attention mechanism combining Compressed Sparse Attention (CSA) and Heavily Compressed Attention (HCA) to dramatically improve long-context efficiency. In the 1M-token context setting, DeepSeek-V4-Pro requires only 27% of single-token inference FLOPs and 10% of KV cache compared with DeepSeek-V3.2.
2. Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (mHC): We incorporate mHC to strengthen conventional residual connections, enhancing stability of signal propagation across layers while preserving model expressivity.
3. Muon Optimizer: We employ the Muon optimizer for faster convergence and greater training stability.

We pre-train both models on more than 32T diverse and high-quality tokens, followed by a comprehensive post-training pipeline. The post-training features a two-stage paradigm: independent cultivation of domain-specific experts (through SFT and RL with GRPO), followed by unified model consolidation via on-policy distillation, integrating distinct proficiencies across diverse domains into a single model.

DeepSeek-V4-Pro-Max, the maximum reasoning effort mode of DeepSeek-V4-Pro, significantly advances the knowledge capabilities of open-source models, firmly establishing itself as the best open-source model available today. It achieves top-tier performance in coding benchmarks and significantly bridges the gap with leading closed-source models on reasoning and agentic tasks. Meanwhile, DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Max achieves comparable reasoning performance to the Pro version when given a larger thinking budget, though its smaller parameter scale naturally places it slightly behind on pure knowledge tasks and the most complex agentic workflows.

Model Downloads

Model	#Total Params	#Activated Params	Context Length	Precision	Download
DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Base	284B	13B	1M	FP8 Mixed	HuggingFace | ModelScope
DeepSeek-V4-Flash	284B	13B	1M	FP4 + FP8 Mixed*	HuggingFace | ModelScope
DeepSeek-V4-Pro-Base	1.6T	49B	1M	FP8 Mixed	HuggingFace | ModelScope
DeepSeek-V4-Pro	1.6T	49B	1M	FP4 + FP8 Mixed*	HuggingFace | ModelScope

*FP4 + FP8 Mixed: MoE expert parameters use FP4 precision; most other parameters use FP8.

Evaluation Results

Base Model

Benchmark (Metric)	# Shots	DeepSeek-V3.2-Base	DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Base	DeepSeek-V4-Pro-Base
Architecture	-	MoE	MoE	MoE
# Activated Params	-	37B	13B	49B
# Total Params	-	671B	284B	1.6T
World Knowledge
AGIEval (EM)	0-shot	80.1	82.6	83.1
MMLU (EM)	5-shot	87.8	88.7	90.1
MMLU-Redux (EM)	5-shot	87.5	89.4	90.8
MMLU-Pro (EM)	5-shot	65.5	68.3	73.5
MMMLU (EM)	5-shot	87.9	88.8	90.3
C-Eval (EM)	5-shot	90.4	92.1	93.1
CMMLU (EM)	5-shot	88.9	90.4	90.8
MultiLoKo (EM)	5-shot	38.7	42.2	51.1
Simple-QA verified (EM)	25-shot	28.3	30.1	55.2
SuperGPQA (EM)	5-shot	45.0	46.5	53.9
FACTS Parametric (EM)	25-shot	27.1	33.9	62.6
TriviaQA (EM)	5-shot	83.3	82.8	85.6
Language & Reasoning
BBH (EM)	3-shot	87.6	86.9	87.5
DROP (F1)	1-shot	88.2	88.6	88.7
HellaSwag (EM)	0-shot	86.4	85.7	88.0
WinoGrande (EM)	0-shot	78.9	79.5	81.5
CLUEWSC (EM)	5-shot	83.5	82.2	85.2
Code & Math
BigCodeBench (Pass@1)	3-shot	63.9	56.8	59.2
HumanEval (Pass@1)	0-shot	62.8	69.5	76.8
GSM8K (EM)	8-shot	91.1	90.8	92.6
MATH (EM)	4-shot	60.5	57.4	64.5
MGSM (EM)	8-shot	81.3	85.7	84.4
CMath (EM)	3-shot	92.6	93.6	90.9
Long Context
LongBench-V2 (EM)	1-shot	40.2	44.7	51.5

Instruct Model

DeepSeek-V4-Pro and DeepSeek-V4-Flash both support three reasoning effort modes:

Reasoning Mode	Characteristics	Typical Use Cases	Response Format
Non-think	Fast, intuitive responses	Routine daily tasks, low-risk decisions	</think> summary
Think High	Conscious logical analysis, slower but more accurate	Complex problem-solving, planning	<think> thinking </think> summary
Think Max	Push reasoning to its fullest extent	Exploring the boundary of model reasoning capability	Special system prompt + <think> thinking </think> summary

DeepSeek-V4-Pro-Max vs Frontier Models

Benchmark (Metric)	Opus-4.6 Max	GPT-5.4 xHigh	Gemini-3.1-Pro High	K2.6 Thinking	GLM-5.1 Thinking	DS-V4-Pro Max
Knowledge & Reasoning
MMLU-Pro (EM)	89.1	87.5	91.0	87.1	86.0	87.5
SimpleQA-Verified (Pass@1)	46.2	45.3	75.6	36.9	38.1	57.9
Chinese-SimpleQA (Pass@1)	76.4	76.8	85.9	75.9	75.0	84.4
GPQA Diamond (Pass@1)	91.3	93.0	94.3	90.5	86.2	90.1
HLE (Pass@1)	40.0	39.8	44.4	36.4	34.7	37.7
LiveCodeBench (Pass@1)	88.8	-	91.7	89.6	-	93.5
Codeforces (Rating)	-	3168	3052	-	-	3206
HMMT 2026 Feb (Pass@1)	96.2	97.7	94.7	92.7	89.4	95.2
IMOAnswerBench (Pass@1)	75.3	91.4	81.0	86.0	83.8	89.8
Apex (Pass@1)	34.5	54.1	60.9	24.0	11.5	38.3
Apex Shortlist (Pass@1)	85.9	78.1	89.1	75.5	72.4	90.2
Long Context
MRCR 1M (MMR)	92.9	-	76.3	-	-	83.5
CorpusQA 1M (ACC)	71.7	-	53.8	-	-	62.0
Agentic
Terminal Bench 2.0 (Acc)	65.4	75.1	68.5	66.7	63.5	67.9
SWE Verified (Resolved)	80.8	-	80.6	80.2	-	80.6
SWE Pro (Resolved)	57.3	57.7	54.2	58.6	58.4	55.4
SWE Multilingual (Resolved)	77.5	-	-	76.7	73.3	76.2
BrowseComp (Pass@1)	83.7	82.7	85.9	83.2	79.3	83.4
HLE w/ tools (Pass@1)	53.1	52.0	51.6	54.0	50.4	48.2
GDPval-AA (Elo)	1619	1674	1314	1482	1535	1554
MCPAtlas Public (Pass@1)	73.8	67.2	69.2	66.6	71.8	73.6
Toolathlon (Pass@1)	47.2	54.6	48.8	50.0	40.7	51.8

Comparison across Modes

Benchmark (Metric)	V4-Flash Non-Think	V4-Flash High	V4-Flash Max	V4-Pro Non-Think	V4-Pro High	V4-Pro Max
Knowledge & Reasoning
MMLU-Pro (EM)	83.0	86.4	86.2	82.9	87.1	87.5
SimpleQA-Verified (Pass@1)	23.1	28.9	34.1	45.0	46.2	57.9
Chinese-SimpleQA (Pass@1)	71.5	73.2	78.9	75.8	77.7	84.4
GPQA Diamond (Pass@1)	71.2	87.4	88.1	72.9	89.1	90.1
HLE (Pass@1)	8.1	29.4	34.8	7.7	34.5	37.7
LiveCodeBench (Pass@1)	55.2	88.4	91.6	56.8	89.8	93.5
Codeforces (Rating)	-	2816	3052	-	2919	3206
HMMT 2026 Feb (Pass@1)	40.8	91.9	94.8	31.7	94.0	95.2
IMOAnswerBench (Pass@1)	41.9	85.1	88.4	35.3	88.0	89.8
Apex (Pass@1)	1.0	19.1	33.0	0.4	27.4	38.3
Apex Shortlist (Pass@1)	9.3	72.1	85.7	9.2	85.5	90.2
Long Context
MRCR 1M (MMR)	37.5	76.9	78.7	44.7	83.3	83.5
CorpusQA 1M (ACC)	15.5	59.3	60.5	35.6	56.5	62.0
Agentic
Terminal Bench 2.0 (Acc)	49.1	56.6	56.9	59.1	63.3	67.9
SWE Verified (Resolved)	73.7	78.6	79.0	73.6	79.4	80.6
SWE Pro (Resolved)	49.1	52.3	52.6	52.1	54.4	55.4
SWE Multilingual (Resolved)	69.7	70.2	73.3	69.8	74.1	76.2
BrowseComp (Pass@1)	-	53.5	73.2	-	80.4	83.4
HLE w/ tools (Pass@1)	-	40.3	45.1	-	44.7	48.2
MCPAtlas (Pass@1)	64.0	67.4	69.0	69.4	74.2	73.6
GDPval-AA (Elo)	-	-	1395	-	-	1554
Toolathlon (Pass@1)	40.7	43.5	47.8	46.3	49.0	51.8

Chat Template

This release does not include a Jinja-format chat template. Instead, we provide a dedicated encoding folder with Python scripts and test cases demonstrating how to encode messages in OpenAI-compatible format into input strings for the model, and how to parse the model's text output. Please refer to the encoding folder for full documentation.

A brief example:

from encoding_dsv4 import encode_messages, parse_message_from_completion_text

messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "hello"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hello! I am DeepSeek.", "reasoning_content": "thinking..."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "1+1=?"}
]

# messages -> string
prompt = encode_messages(messages, thinking_mode="thinking")

# string -> tokens
import transformers
tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro")
tokens = tokenizer.encode(prompt)

How to Run Locally

Please refer to the inference folder for detailed instructions on running DeepSeek-V4 locally, including model weight conversion and interactive chat demos.

For local deployment, we recommend setting the sampling parameters to temperature = 1.0, top_p = 1.0. For the Think Max reasoning mode, we recommend setting the context window to at least 384K tokens.

License

This repository and the model weights are licensed under the MIT License.

Citation

@misc{deepseekai2026deepseekv4,
      title={DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence},
      author={DeepSeek-AI},
      year={2026},
}

Contact

If you have any questions, please raise an issue or contact us at service@deepseek.com.