Ada and COBOL are still where the big money is, and still will be for years to come.
this post was submitted on 26 Jan 2024
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Programming
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It's incredible and elegant and defies some common categorization.
I've put some of my favorite resources in the sidebar of https://programming.dev/c/concatenative and I'm happy to walk through any particular challenges/examples -- I've done about the first week of Advent of Code with it this year, and the most recent handful of Perl Weekly Challenges, and some basic Euler problems.
Re the sidebar: How are Nim and Roc partially concatenative?
I may be expressing it poorly and inaccurately, but what I mean is that in Nim you can re-order arguments and functions to start with some data followed by a series of transformations. The following two lines are equivalent:
parse_int(read_line(stdin))
stdin.read_line().parse_int()
Roc offers a similar flow with their |> operator. Here's a snippet from one of my Advent of Code 2022 solutions:
partOne =
"input.txt"
|> getData
|> Task.await \data ->
data
|> getRangePairs
|> List.keepIf pairHasStrictSubset
|> List.len
|> Num.toStr
|> Stdout.line
That’s true, but if the transformations have more than one argument, they go after the name:
data.split(",").join(";")
as opposed to concatenative programming languages, where all arguments go before the name and there’s no visual indication of the structure:
data "," split ";" join
Also, there are more languages with this feature, for example D, VimScript or Koka.
That’s true, but if the transformations have more than one argument, they go after the name
Yup, I understand. That's why I've not put them in the concatenative section.
Also, there are more languages with this feature, for example D, VimScript or Koka.
Thanks, maybe I'll add them to the sidebar! I hadn't heard of Koka.
If you have a suggested heading/description to replace "partially concatenative" I'm interested. Function chaining? And I'm not sure but maybe execline is actually concatenative and needs to be moved out of that section.
I think “uniform function call syntax” is the established term for this particular feature.
Thanks. I know that's the case for Nim's flexibility, but I didn't think it applied to the pipe operator stuff like in Roc. I'll do some reading tonight to confirm.
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Ada particularly the SPARK subset. It's approach is quite different than most languages, focusing on minimising errors and correctness. It's fairly difficult but I like to use it to teach people to actually understand the problem and how to solve it before they ever write the code.
If you want something that feels more quirky, go with Lisp.
I've been having a lot of fun with scheme lately (specifically guile, but I don't think it matters much). It's a very stripped down language compared to common lisp, so I felt it was easier to get started with.
Since you already know Java, you could jump straight to C++ with Bjarne's book "Programming - Principles and Practice Using C++": https://www.stroustrup.com/programming.html
You can then move to more modern C++ with his other book "A Tour of C++": https://www.stroustrup.com/tour3.html
And then if you're curious to know how software design is done in modern C++, even if you already know classical design patterns from your Java experience, you should get Klaus Iglberger's book: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/c-software-design/9781098113155/
In parallel also watch the "Back to Basics" video series by CppCon (see their YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@CppCon , just type "back to basics" in that channel's search bar).
Learning proper C++ should give you a much better understanding of the hardware while the syntax still remains elegant, and you get to add a new skill that's in very high demand.
- modern PHP (version 8.x with some modern framework like Symfony)
- Typescript
- C#
- C++ (this one's always fun, I recommend the Qt framework since you have a Java background - it would be easier than raw C++)
Qt is an amazingly good C++ framework that encourages a much safer approach to using the language that emphasizes const refs over pointer insanity.
Also, the library function are quite powerful.
If you haven't done any Clojure, may be Elixir?
I like Scala:
- multi-paradigm, you can explore many ways of doing something, within one codebase - arguably the most complex language, if you want, but doesn't have to be: start simply, later scales robustly
- compiles and interoperates with JS, JVM, native
- Scala3 dropped brackets - easily readable like python
- great tooling (recently) - compiler infers so much -> less puzzles / testing
- developed mainly in europe, not controlled by big-tech
Fwiw, here's my interactive climate system model running in pure scala.