It should work fine in your thinkcentre using the onboard sata power and data cables. Being enterprise doesn't change this. 7200rpm makes it a bit noisier and hotter and faster, and use a tiny bit extra power, but it's a 2.5" so it's never going to be that hungry.
If there's no sound/vibration on start, and your BIOS doesn't detect it, it's probably dead.
Vendors do lie about testing second hand drives, but couriers also drop stuff all the time.
Contact the seller, explain the situation and ask for a replacement.