Both conflicts are horrific, but what was their alternative? We saw what happened in Germany when few fought back, and that was just as horrific an outcome, if not more so (6 million Jews killed vs 300 thousand on the left side in the Spanish civil war, though estimates vary).

Tens of thousands died under Mussolini in labor camps and via execution, and the same would've happened under Franco in Spain (and eventually did, post civil war)

To be clear, I'm not advocating that any country rush to armed conflict, but history seems to indicate that it's better to be capable of defending yourself vs. not having the option at all.

If you have examples of pacifism being effective against fascism, I'm quite open to having my mind changed. In fact, I would prefer if that were the more effective option, if evidence supports it.

You could make that same argument to the countries neighboring Nazi Germany.

We have examples in history of what happens to unarmed people when fascists take over and few fight back, and it does nothing to quell the fascist's efforts or 'fears'. We also have examples of armed people fighting back, like the leftists in the Spanish Civil war. Their defeat was not a given, and they made the fascists work bloody hard for it. The alternative would've been the leftists having to blend in or be disappeared/killed, or they could've left everything and fled. The less you fight them, the stronger they become, until they become too big to run from or ignore.

As an alternative, if we assume that a significant portion of the left is armed instead of just a minority, Rojava would be a good modern day example of the realistic effectiveness of an armed populace, as they employ horizontal citizen militias to survive against both ISIS and Turkey.

The Spanish Civil War is another interesting example, as the initial response from the left/anarchists when the fascists began their coup attempt was made up of civilian militias formed quickly and armed with whatever they had or could source from a local armory, and they were able to effectively fight off the initial coup in almost half the country, and gather themselves up for a protracted conflict. It's not quite as direct an example, as the leftists in that conflict we supplemented with tanks and airplanes and artillery from the USSR, but firearms were an essential piece to their resistance, and had the populace been more armed before hand, it would've been helpful, as they had trouble producing and acquiring enough through trade.

There's a great series on the Spanish Civil War here that gets into the nitty gritty, if you're interested. :)

Turkey is actively killing and repressing the kurds of Syria, such as Rojava, so if we're boycotting US manufacturers, might be good to avoid turkish one's too if possible, to deprive their government of tax revenue.

I'm not really sure if there is an 'ethical' choice with the big manufacturers anywhere, just different degrees of bad, though definitely worth indirectly supporting the less bad option.

You could opt for small boutique builders that explicitly support leftists and trans, like KE Arms, but those are few and far between. Best resource I can find is this list from the liberalgunowners reddit wiki.

Alternatively, opt for buying used guns from lefitist gun stores (if you have one near you, or can order from them online to a local ffl). That's probably the best option from a cost and ethics perspective.

Straight to jail. Right away.

The military just needs to say "no." if ordered to do something unconstitutional, it doesn't mean they have to enact a military coup.

Your argument technically would apply to Nazi Germany as well, and I really don't think any of the other countries at the time would've looked down upon the Wehrmacht or Germany if they had refused to follow orders, except for Italy and Japan, they would've been judging' hard.

What does America look like to the world if the most powerful military in the world refuses to follow orders from it’s elected government.

Capable of resisting a rogue government that was put in place by a foreign country? A half-functional democracy that thwarted a Nazi Germany 2.0?

Do we really look cooler on the world stage if we just prove our military are stooges that will 'just follow orders'?